Proper design of laboratory work involves the selection of the following elements: introduction, main part, conclusion. Let us dwell on all the stages that should be included in the report.
Introduction
Registration of laboratory work in accordance with GOST involves an indication in the introduction of the significance and modernity of the work performed. Relevance determines the importance of the experiment in a specific situation to solve a specific issue (task).
It can be expressed in certain phrases. For example, the design of laboratory work can begin as follows:
- of particular importance is the question;
- interest in this problem is due;
- due to the situation in the world, the problem has become especially urgent.
The following indicates the object and subject of research. An object is what is considered during the experiment. The subject is the individual sides of the object, which are analyzed in the framework of the experiments.
For example, the Volga River may become the object of research, and the history of the settlement of its banks may be the subject of research.
Goal setting
Further, the design of the laboratory work involves a description of the goal, that is, the final result that the experimenter plans to get after completing his experiments.
To set a goal, you can use a certain scheme:
- take the word “study” (“determine”, “verify”, “analyze”);
- add an object of research to it.
Setting goals
The following are the tasks to be solved as part of the ongoing practical work. Making laboratory work involves setting goals, starting with the words:
- to find;
- to figure out;
- to measure;
- to study;
- summarize;
- become acquainted;
- to develop.
Main part
In this section, theoretical and practical parts are distinguished. The theory involves a detailed description of the area under consideration. When writing this part, textbooks, books, reference books that directly relate to the topic of laboratory work are considered.
Making laboratory work in biology, for example, involves a description of the physiological characteristics of the detachment, the representative of which will be discussed in experiments.
In the practical part, the course of actions that are performed as part of the laboratory work, as well as the achieved result, is examined in detail.
Conclusion in the experiments
Making laboratory work in chemistry, for example, involves a brief retelling of all the work done by the experimenter, as well as his own conclusions made based on the results of the work done.
When making the text of the experiments, it is necessary to follow certain rules. The text of the work is placed on white sheets of A4 format using the Times New Roman font, size 14. Alignment is taken in width, the text spacing is 1.5.
There are requirements for the fields of the document. The classical design of laboratory work in physics or another subject involves assignment of 20 mm from the top, bottom, left, and 10 mm to the right.
At each educational institution, the requirements for the preparation of a laboratory report may vary, since GOST does not regulate some of the points. Nevertheless, the main essence of the report is left unchanged, it is aimed at indicating all the actions performed by the student (student) in the framework of acquiring new skills and abilities.
Registration of laboratory work on GEF
In the vocational education system, practical and laboratory work are intermediate links between industrial and theoretical training, they are the main means of realizing the relationship between practice and theory. In accordance with the new state educational standards, practical and laboratory work is planned as a separate training option. To a large extent, the effectiveness of laboratory work depends on the specificity of the cognitive tasks, as well as on the initial briefing, in which students understand the essence of the task, the algorithm for performing specific elements.
Work options
Currently, various forms of organization of practical and laboratory exercises are used. With the frontal form, it is assumed that all students simultaneously perform one work. A group view is a solution by teams of 2-5 people of the same problem.
For an individual form, each student (student) is expected to complete the tasks proposed by the teacher. For example, students are offered trainings, exercises, modeling a specific problem. When thinking through the content of practical work, the teacher takes into account the requirements for skills that are defined by the federal educational standards of the new generation.
Important aspects of work design
When doing practical work, general and professional competencies of the younger generation are formed. Students acquire professional initial skills and abilities, which are fixed and improved in the framework of production and training practice. When developing practical tasks, it is mandatory to conduct briefings: introductory, current, and final.
When selecting the content of the practical part, the teacher takes into account that the sum should be the full coverage of the theory and development of skills.
Conclusion
As part of the laboratory work, students work out their professional skills that they will need in subsequent activities. When choosing the contents of the laboratory workshop, teachers are guided by professional skills specified in the Federal State Educational Standard.
The student indicates the name of the work, its purpose and objectives. In the theoretical description of laboratory experience, the student indicates the technical features of the installation, which he uses to achieve his goal. The content of the practical work highlights the main and heading parts. The second part consists of an indication of the purpose and objectives of the work, and it also includes a list of those tools that are used within its framework, a mandatory indication of safety rules for its implementation.
Applications to work involve reference and regulatory materials that ensure the implementation of practical experiments (norms, instructions, technical features of the equipment).