Pedagogy is a very subtle and multifaceted scientific field. Her working arsenal has more than a dozen teaching methods. Their application is aimed at the comprehensive development of man, the education of a specialist with the necessary baggage of knowledge, skills and personal qualities. In this article we will talk about what the reproductive method is. What are its features, advantages and disadvantages?
Description
A boring and monotonous stream of lectures has long been no longer justified. Experts have found that using only the information-receptive method only 30% helps to absorb theoretical material. The rest either passes by students, or makes up for while preparing for exams and tests. However, without supporting the theory with practice, it turns out to be secondary, unnecessary information. It is impossible to refuse lectures at all, because they carry the basis of scientific knowledge. But they can be alternated with conversations and practical exercises.
The reproductive method is a way of organizing learning activity that occurs according to a specific instruction using (or reproducing) previously acquired knowledge and a sequence of practical actions. Since this method always occurs according to a certain algorithm (or instruction), it is often called instructive-reproductive.
Features
This kind of thinking requires students to quickly and actively memorize new information that a teacher or other educational source reports and transfer knowledge to practical ground. There are several conditions or means for implementing the reproductive method:
- Verbal, visual and practical teaching methods. It can be numbers, words, sketches.
- By analogy with the method, lectures are also constructed that contain scientific information and short abstracts for students to write.
- Conversations are held according to a certain pattern. The teacher relies strictly on facts known to students. Discussions of hypotheses and expressing independent opinions are not provided.
- Reproductive exercises should contribute to the effective development of practical skills, since any experience requires multiple actions on the model.
The method can also be used to consolidate the studied material.
Difference from the productive method
There is a fairly extensive classification of pedagogical methods. Their choice largely depends on the age of students and discipline. The nature of cognitive activity distinguishes between reproductive and productive. We will understand what their differences are in the way and goals of the organization.
The reproductive method of training is the repeated reproduction of knowledge and actions already received from the teacher to obtain the result. The teacher gives a specific task, and the student performs it according to a certain pattern. Such a method is very effective in the following disciplines: mathematics, chemistry, physics, computer science, etc. That is, programmed training is carried out. Each task and operation has a specific algorithm of actions.
Knowledge is based on lectures that accumulate authoritative opinions. It is they who form the instruction, which students then use. It can be rules, laws, axioms, formulas, etc.
A productive method focuses on a specific problem. He offers students an independent (arbitrary) search for answers to questions. Unlike the reproductive one, it does not have clear algorithms or formulas. And the teacher’s task is to create serious motivation for students to acquire new knowledge.
Examples
As already mentioned, the exact sciences are a suitable soil for the teacher, where the reproductive method of teaching works effectively. Examples of it can be successfully observed in solutions of mathematical, chemical problems or repetitions of experiments.
Consider, for example, the usual mathematical quadratic equation. There is a specific sample formula, following which the student gradually comes to the correct answer - finding the unknown (or unknown).
Another example is the lesson of consolidating knowledge on the subject of “wrong fraction”. To do this, you can use questions to determine or means of visibility. For example, on a presentation slide or on a blackboard write several numbers and ask students to choose the wrong fractions from them. The choice must be justified. All actions take place on the principle of choice (example) - justification (reason).
At the same time, it is important for the teacher to conduct a clear briefing. Using it in the future, students will be able to successfully complete tasks of varying complexity, learn the necessary knowledge and develop skills. The reproductive method will also help to form a certain way of thinking that is useful for performing operations in everyday life.
Efficiency
In Russian education, the use of this method has long been known. It can be called "classic." However, do not forget that every technology has the ability to constantly improve. So, today the reproductive method of teaching does not just mean taking notes and applying the formulas obtained. The changes concerned the simplification of some algorithms for quick assimilation, correlation of scientific facts with visual aids, and the use of interactive learning tools (audio, video, animation) in conversations and practical exercises . All this, of course, has a positive effect on the effectiveness of cognitive activity, which the reproductive method is designed to enhance. This is a great alternative to dry lecturing and conducting monotonous seminars based on a simple survey.
pros
The main and important advantage of this technology is economy. What does it mean? The reproductive teaching method assumes that the teacher for a short time and without much effort transfers an impressive amount of knowledge and skills. At the same time, students quickly perceive new information, simultaneously working it out in practice. This method guarantees a solid assimilation of knowledge.
The reproductive method is excellently implemented where educational material is more informative. At the same time, students are blocked independent, creative thinking and expand the possibilities of memorizing and processing ready-made theoretical knowledge.
Minuses
Experts note that the reproductive method of learning is an example of rigorous algorithmization of actions that does not allow creative liberties, assumptions, and doubts. Because of this, flexibility and independence of thinking can suffer significantly. This technology categorically denies search activity, which is no less important than the application of previously reported theoretical knowledge. With the frequent use of the reproductive method, learning can turn into a pure formalization, and assimilation of knowledge will become simply meaningless cramming.
Combination with other methods
The reproductive method is effective in informational and receptive activities of students. It is a fact. However, it cannot be the only tool in the arsenal of the teacher. As experience shows, monological practice has long become obsolete, and an integrated approach is required. Indeed, in addition to the quick assimilation of theoretical material and the formation of the implementation of actions according to the instructions, it is necessary to develop personality qualities, a creative approach to business, independence in acquiring new knowledge.
So, along with reproductive methods, creative, illustrative, research and productive methods are often used to find information and use it to solve new problems. Lessons in the form of a quiz, discussions about any discovery or law, preparation of a report - a suitable alternative. The choice will depend on several factors: the purpose, stage of the lesson, local conditions, the content of the theoretical material and the personality of the teacher. In any case, the variety of teaching methods greatly enlivens the learning process and contributes to the comprehensive development of the student’s personality.