In the legislation of the Russian Federation, considering the problem of support for large families, the concept of a “large mother” is introduced. A mother with many children is considered to be a woman who, in her maintenance, has more than three children at the age not exceeding 18 years.
Benefits for large families are provided for by Federal Law N 81 "On State Benefits for Citizens with Children" dated 05.19.95. According to article 15 of the Law, a mother with many children is provided with material assistance in the form of a monthly allowance, which is paid during the parental leave (accrued until the child reaches one and a half years). This allowance is comparable with the minimum wage and is set at the legislative level. The amount of benefits is not affected by the number of children who are being cared for.
Since the times of the Soviet Union, pension benefits have been enshrined in law for mothers with the status of large families. For the first time this was carried out in the Law of the USSR of 07.14.1956. In Russian legislation, these norms were developed in the laws “On state pensions” and “On labor pensions”. A mother with many children has the right to a retirement pension at the age of fifty. At the same time, it is necessary that there are five or more children, a mother with many children should be engaged in their direct upbringing before each eight years of age. The insurance period must be 15 years or more. In the absence of the required insurance experience, the pension is awarded on a common basis. Separate benefits are provided for large families living in rural areas. Mothers with many children, having given birth to five children and raising them at least eight years old, retire at an age of 50 years.
Regardless of the place where the mother with many children lives, she is granted the right to a work schedule that provides for employment for a week of both 2.5 and 2 days. This right is granted at the request of the mother herself and is enshrined in the labor legislation of the Russian Federation.
Allowances and benefits for large families living in Moscow are provided with more than three children. These families are registered in the regional Offices, their rights are confirmed by issuing a special certificate for a large family. There they can clarify what privileges are given to large families.
The list of benefits includes free travel of children in public transport, reduction of amounts for payment of housing and communal services, provision of free meals and school uniforms, the right of priority admission to a preschool institution is secured, visits to exhibitions and museums are offered for free.
The burden of paying utility bills for families with three children is reduced by 30%, benefits for large families with 4-6 children make up 50% of compensation, and a family with 7 children already receives 100% compensation. For large families, 50% is provided - a discount when paying for a phone. In families with five children, compensation for public transport is already provided for parents.
With the adoption of the Federal Law providing for privileges for large families, the whole range of state support measures was combined and developed in one document. The criteria are clearly defined by which a large family is determined, according to which the number of children is three people, their age is limited to 18 years (in some cases, it is increased to 23 years). The procedure for providing benefits when parents retire is streamlined.
By this Law, the upbringing and care of children in large families is equated with medical and pedagogical activities, respectively, payment is provided to the parent who directly cares for the children. Charges are made until the youngest child reaches the age of sixteen and has a minimum wage.
Particularly in the Law there is a place for the provision of benefits for the provision of loans for housing, payment of utilities, medical care and education.