The Pentaxim or Pentavak vaccine is a new generation immunobiological preparation that has a number of advantages over the previously used DTP vaccine. The pluses are that Pentaxim is a complex and cell-free (acellular) drug that is easily tolerated and has far fewer contraindications than DTP. In the latter, complications were supplemented by the presence of bacterial cell membranes.
History of creation
Pentaxim Universal was created in 1997; France is releasing it. Its most famous concern is SANOFIPASTEUR, SA. The vaccine is purchased by all countries of Europe and the USA. Western Europe uses a drug called Pentavac, and in all other countries and in Russia, including it, it is known as Pentaxim.
The drug is registered in 97 countries and is popular all over the world. It helps maintain high immunity against 5 diseases at once. The advent of this universal vaccine was preceded by a long and detailed study of the vital signs of pertussis, tetanus and diphtheria, poliomyelitis and HIB infection. Clinical studies were conducted on 10 thousand children and recorded the presence of ready-made antibodies in the blood to pathogens in subjects in 100% of cases.
Since 2011, WHO has introduced Pentaxim to the list of mandatory vaccinations. They should be done without fail, not only healthy, but also weakened children.
The components of Pentaxim are selected so perfectly that they absolutely do not interfere with each other's actions. The vaccine contains:
- acellular pertussis toxoid;
- tetanus and diphtheria toxoid ;
- virus against poliomyelitis of 3 types in an inactivated state;
- hemagglutinin filamentous lyophilisate.
This multicomponent reduces the number of injections. So, a separate vaccination against the above infections would be 12 injections, and the use of Pentaxim is only 4. The dose in 1 Pentaxim syringe is designed strictly for 1 child, that is, the contents must be fully entered.
Storage of the drug and expiration dates
Freezing is not allowed. The drug is stored only at a positive temperature in the refrigerator from +2 to +8 degrees. It can be transported only at low sub-zero temperatures - in bags with dry ice.
Further it should be stored in the refrigerator. Shelf life 3 years from the date of issue. Ampoules with an expiring shelf life or with flakes, sediment are not used. Opened ampoules are not subject to storage, but are destroyed.
Vaccination schedule
The initial course is conducted for a healthy child from 3 months in the form of 3 injections with a break of 1.5 months. The last revaccination is done after 1.5 years. Transfer of the next dose for several days is possible in the presence of a medical device (weekends, colds with fever). The administration schedule then does not resume, and protective immunity may be weaker.
Parents should be aware that the Hib vaccine component is administered only 1 time after a year of age. In the future, the drug is administered already without HIB-lyophilisate.
The vaccine packaging is aseptic, in the blister is a ready-made syringe with a dose. In their reviews, mothers say that children do not feel vaccinated - such a thin needle. For infants up to a year, a dose is injected into the thigh, older - in the arm. Intramuscular administration is not practiced due to the difficulty in getting the vaccine composition into the blood due to a significant muscle layer. Moreover, there is no intravenous administration.
Indications and contraindications
It is clear that the fear of vaccinations and their consequences is inherent in many parents. In the case of Pentaxim, this is absolutely unreasonable fear. It is important for parents to understand that vaccination will preserve the health of the baby and prevent it from becoming disabled. This vaccine is especially recommended for those children who have had a reaction to DTP. And also to those who have:
- DTP medical service;
- HIV infection;
- neurological burden;
- allergy;
- convulsive readiness;
- anemia and dysbiosis;
- atopic dermatitis;
- non-progressive encephalopathy.
There are contraindications:
- severe unusual reaction after previous vaccination;
- individual hypersensitivity to the components;
- infectious diseases with fever;
- reactions to neomycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B;
- progressive encephalopathy that occurs after vaccination for a week;
- with convulsions of an afebrile or febrile nature.
Post vaccination response
How long does the temperature stay after Pentaxim? Not more than a few days. Some doctors do not recommend lowering the temperature so as not to lower the immune response. But if the thermometer shows hyperthermia above 38 degrees, then giving an antipyretic is possible.
Other doctors believe that if the temperature after Pentaxim begins to rise, it must be knocked down, because the immune response is not determined by it, and the baby feels bad. As an antipyretic, you can give your child "Paracetamol" or "Ibuklin." An interesting fact is that after the second Pentaxim, the temperature usually rises if it was not there during the first. But there is no temperature after 3 Pentaxim. Why does hyperthermia occur?
The temperature after "Pentaxim" on the second day is possible with convulsive readiness in the baby. But if it was not related to the previous vaccinations, the Pentaxim vaccine is used, but carefully. When the temperature rises, antipyretics should be given immediately.
Normal reaction
The immune system gives its answer to the introduction of any vaccine as a foreign element. This is the norm. If there is a lot of such an answer, there may be clinical manifestations of the reaction, which are divided into local and general.
Local - these are small seals at the injection site, redness up to 8 mm in size. The child may complain that the injection site hurts, but it quickly goes away by itself.
Common manifestations are malaise, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, high fever after Pentaxim. All this quickly enough passes by itself. How long does the temperature stay after Pentaxim? Hyperthermia is observed in every 5 babies and passes through itself in 1-3 days. Consulting a doctor about this is rare.
Possible complications
"Pentaxim" protects immediately from 5 diseases. Complications arise only in 0.6% of vaccinated. The temperature after revaccination with Pentaxim did not create problems at all. But even if you had to see a doctor about the temperature, no fatalities were noted. The temperature after Pentaxim above 40 was noted only in 0.01% of cases. She most often disappears on the third day.
Usually, the temperature after the second Pentaxim vaccine is tolerated easily. Only occasionally, against the background of temperature, irritability, capriciousness, prolonged crying, refusal of the chest and poor falling asleep can be noted for the child. In general, the temperature in a child after vaccination with Pentaxim does not require the presence of a doctor, since it passes quickly. Neurological symptoms in the form of cramps, muscle pains, headaches are noted even less often.
The fact that the temperature after the second Pentaxim happens more often than after the first and third, say many reviews of mothers. The parents should warn the parents about this.
More serious consequences in the form of a very high temperature after Pentaxim may be due to a violation of the vaccination interval, improper administration of the vaccine, or if the procedure was performed on an unhealthy child at that time. Therefore, before the injection, the pediatrician must give his informed conclusion that the child is healthy, parents may demand it.
Rules for the introduction of "Pentaxim" after ARVI
If the child had ARVI or OKI, then the Pentaxim vaccine is indicated immediately with normalization of temperature. Residual catarrhal phenomena in the form of runny nose and cough elements, stool instability, etc. are not an obstacle. Children who have suffered from central nervous system diseases, including meningitis, should receive medical attention for six months.
Rules for allergophon
In case of a child’s allergic mood, vaccination is possible only 2-3 weeks after the acute symptoms subside. Moreover, the introduction of "Pentaxim" is necessary only against the background of antihistamines - inside and topically. If an allergofon means periodic spasms of the bronchi, vaccination will be delayed for a month. And then it will require the use of hormonal bronchodilators and antihistamines.
Parent Behavior
Panic for a fever after Pentaxim is not worth it, because this is a normal reaction. Although, according to the reviews of parents, it is the temperature factor that is always unnerving and makes you anxious. But such a reaction of the body indicates the work of immunity. What temperature after Pentaxim will be in the baby depends on his general condition, immunity, neurological disorders, etc. When is it advisable to turn to pills? The temperature of 38 after Pentaxim does not yet require the use of antipyretic drugs.
In the presence of neurological complications, it is recommended to bring down the temperature from indicators of 37.5. Before taking the pills, a small child can be wiped with vinegar or vodka to lower the general temperature (first you need to consult a doctor, not everyone recommends such methods). It affects the infant quickly. For the same purpose, you can apply a decoction of linden, chamomile, or birch buds. And only if the temperature after the Pentaxim vaccination in the child does not drop and continues to rise, you can resort to antipyretics. This is especially true in cases where additional symptoms such as a runny nose, cough, diarrhea, etc., join. All this speaks of an infection. An increase in temperature after Pentaxim even to 39 degrees is also the norm, but it is already necessary to give antipyretics in the form of tablets or syrup. When giving antipyretics, the dose and frequency of administration should be observed.
To prevent temperature, you can not give tablets after vaccination. This behavior is not justified.
Proper vaccination preparation
The bad thing is that pediatricians most often do not explain all the details of preparing a baby for vaccination. And it just depends on how the child transfers it. Therefore, keep in mind that if a child is registered with a specialist (neurologist, allergist, etc.), written permission from him to administer Pentoxim must be obtained. It is advisable to pass the KLA and OAM. This is necessary so that the doctor can understand whether everything is in order with the baby. Usually, doctors, because of their busyness, examine the baby before the vaccine superficially, without going into a detailed examination. Parents should not accept this approach. A week before and after vaccination, it is advisable not to introduce a new type of complementary foods and not give a new product.
The day before and two days after vaccination, it is advisable to drink more and not overfeed the child. Artists have a harder time injecting than those who are breastfeeding. 2 hours before vaccination should also not be fed. Immediately before vaccination, you can give a drink of water.
How many days does the temperature last after vaccination "Pentaxim"? This should be warned by the doctor in advance. After vaccination, if the child wants to, take a walk on the street, and returning home, do not immediately put him at the table. Give food only when the child asks for it. Food should be light, savory and non-greasy.
The baby should not suffer from constipation. A chair is desirable not only the day before the procedure, but also on its day and after. Otherwise, an enema is recommended. On the day of vaccination, do not confuse the baby so that he is not sweaty. If the child has a runny nose for a long time, but there are no other manifestations of the disease, the child eats well, the famous doctor Komarovsky is sure that this symptom is not an obstacle to the vaccine. After the vaccination, the temperature may rise. The temperature 37 after Pentaxim does not require the use of antipyretics if there is no neurological burden.
Pentaxim - analogues
If the Pentaxim vaccination is not available at the clinic at the appointed time, the doctor may recommend medications that contain interchangeable components. These are vaccinations such as DTP, DTP + HepV, Tetraxim, ImovaxPolo, Infanrix, Sinflorix and others that the doctor will recommend.
It is better to use Tetraxim for revaccination, because it is produced by the same company as Pentaxim, but does not have a HIB component in its composition. It must be borne in mind that the temperature after 3 "Pentaxim" does not occur, as with the first dose (most often).
Pentaxim or DTP: which is better?
DTP, which has been used since the days of the USSR, was designed to prevent the same infections, except for HIB. That is, the adsorbed vaccine was intended for pertussis, tetanus and diphtheria. The advantage of Pentaxim is that it is supplemented with a component against HIB. In addition, it is acellular, so it is less difficult to tolerate. The HIB component acts against gram-negative bacteria, the species Haemophilusinfluenzae, as well as their strains, united by a single antigenic structure, serotype B. This is a huge achievement of immunologists in the field of pediatrics.
Why? HIB infections, which will be discussed below, in children under 5 years of age are the cause of 80% of cases of inflammation of the epiglottis, 40% of the incidence of meningitis, and 20% of pneumonia.
DTP is inferior to Pentaxim in several other respects. Firstly, after vaccination with "DTP" in a child, immunity to diseases is incomplete. And "Pentaxim" acts 100%, providing a highly immunogenic effect. Secondly, the cellular pertussis component "DTP" gives more severe responses in children. In addition, the polio vaccine, administered orally, does not work as well as Pentaxim.
In addition, cases of vaccine-associated polio were not excluded. The antigen against polio in Pentaxime is inactivated, that is, the virus in it is killed. And oral vaccines contain a lively but attenuated virus. Therefore, the use of "Pentaxim" completely eliminates the risk of developing vaccine-associated polio, which is by far one of the most formidable complications after vaccination with live vaccines.
Important! If the first polio vaccine was drop by mouth, continued vaccination will also be live vaccines. If the first dose of polio was Pentaxim, in the future, intramuscular injections (ImovaxPolo) can be used for revaccination. If the vaccine against polio was carried out by Pentaxim, then subsequent vaccinations against this pathology will be needed in 4.5, 6 months, the last time in a year and a half. All four doses of Pentaxim are well tolerated.
So how many days does the temperature last after Pentaxim? Not more than two to three days after the first dose. The drug is safe for frequently ill children, which for DTP was unthinkable. If a child has had a severe reaction to DTP, then he tolerates Pentaxim, as a rule, well. Pentaxim is designed in such a way that with a single dose a child receives only 21 antigens, and with DTP this number reaches 3002. This is a direct indication of severe post-vaccination reactions after DTP. Thus, with the introduction of Pentaxim, the resulting antigenic load is 100 times less.
Age for vaccination
The cell-free pertussis component of Pentaxima can be used to vaccinate a child or adult of any age. This also applies to other components of the vaccine. They can also be used at any age in both children and adults. But the HIB component of the Pentaxim vaccine is recommended for use only in children under six years of age, once. In other words, the full Pentaxim vaccine with the HIB component can be used to vaccinate children up to the age of 5 years 11 months and 29 days inclusive.
This is the last term for vaccination. It should also be noted that Pentaxim revaccination is not applied in Russia and the CIS countries. Here they use ADS-M containing a lower dosage of antigens (maintaining a domestic manufacturer). Abroad, Pentavak without the fifth component is used as a booster at any age - children and adults.
Hib component of the vaccine
Before speaking on this topic, a few words about HIB infections in general. HIB - an infection or hemophilic - is a group of acute infections caused by Pfeiffer's bacillus. In this case, mainly the respiratory organs, central nervous system are affected, and purulent foci appear in different organs according to the type of sepsis. The transmission route is aerogenic.
What diseases are included in this group? Purulent meningitis, sepsis, acute pneumonia, epiglottitis (inflammation of the epiglottis). The practice of Hib immunization on a large scale began in the mid-80s of the last century, and since 1990, Hib vaccination has been introduced in the vaccination calendar in the USA, Canada and some countries of Western Europe.
This fifth component of the Pentavac vaccine is designed to protect the child from such severe infections. The fact is that in children under the age of five, CIBs are characterized by a severe course, and a fatal outcome is not excluded. This is because the group pathogens are resistant to antibiotics.
After five years, the immune system becomes more mature, and Hib is not so dangerous for a child. Immunity does not allow a bacterial hemophilic infection to clear up. Bacteria are actively suppressed, which does not happen until the age of five. In this case, Pentaxim gives high immunity after vaccination for a period of 5 years. Further revaccination is no longer needed. "Pentaxim" not only protects, but also in the future, the child has greater resistance to SARS, and even if it occurs, its course is easier. The vaccine is so effective that if a child does not receive it in the first year of life, it should be done before entering a preschool, when there is a risk of getting a domestic child.
Pentaxim compatibility with other vaccines
All vaccines registered in Russia are compatible with Pentakism. The only exception is the live polio vaccine in drops. With its use, Pentaxim is excluded. That is, if any other vaccine was used, then Pentakism can be administered without fear. For example, at the first vaccination, you can apply "Infanrix" + "ImovaxPolio" + "Hiberix"; during the second vaccination, Pentaxim is applicable. The third time, the same two drugs, but without Infanrix, because it is replaced by DTP. The fourth revaccination is again Infanrix.
These combinations are not a guide to action, but only a scheme of how vaccine combinations can be changed and alternated with these four vaccines.
Also, Pentaxim can be combined simultaneously with Prevenar (against pneumococci) - the temperature after Pentaxim and Prevenar does not increase, usually it does not exceed 38.
In conclusion, we can cite as an example the opinion of the pediatrician Yevgeny Komarovsky, a recognized authority among pediatric doctors. He believes that vaccination is the best way to protect a child’s health from dangerous diseases and a competent choice of parents, because medicine does not stand still and the drugs used today are much more effective and safer than even ten years ago. Pentaxim will help to avoid many problems in the future. The task of parents is to properly prepare the baby for vaccinations and do them in a timely manner. This way you can protect your child from many serious illnesses,
How many days can the temperature remain after the Pentaxim vaccine? The answer to this question was given in detail above.