Starting in the 8th grade, a detailed study of syntax and punctuation, students learn the topic of "Adjacency." It is absorbed quite easily, although some points can cause confusion or difficulty.
Formulation of the rule and interpretation of the topic
Explaining what adjacency is, the teacher relies on students' knowledge of grammar, morphology, their ability to distinguish and classify parts of speech. When studying the topic “Linking words in a phrase”, children should understand that coordination, management, and adjacency are types of subordination. Those. none of the listed types of communication can arise between the
subject and the predicate. Relations between predicative units are always equal.
Explaining what the adjacency is, the teacher teaches students to see the structure of collocations, to determine the main and dependent words, to be able to ask a question from one to another. Without such knowledge, students will not learn the topic, they will not acquire practical skills. When the intricacies of the collocation analysis mechanism are extremely clear, we can begin to explain the topic.
What is adjacency, it is best to first show on transparent examples, from which it is clearly visible where the main thing, and where the dependent words. Eighth graders will understand why the second does not change when the grammatical forms of the first change: read sitting - read sitting - read sitting, mumble a little audibly - mutter a little audibly - mutter a little audibly, the ability to do - the skills to do, play better, soft-boiled egg, etc. Students should to understand that when adjoining, the dependent word is, as a rule, an unchanging part of speech. It does not bow, does not conjugate, but simply connects with the main thing in meaning. This is precisely the essence of what adjacency is, why this type of connection is so named.
Fixing the topic, the teacher should draw the attention of schoolchildren to the fact that dependent words, as a rule, are adverbs, participles, infinitive, comparative adjective. Sometimes this role can be played by pronouns from the category of possessive, in the form of a 3rd person. Adjacency in Russian, in addition to semantic connection, is expressed through word order and intonation.
The complexity of parsing and analysis
In the lesson on consolidation, it is necessary to consider complex cases that can cause difficulties or misunderstanding of the topic. This happens if students come across examples of such adverbs that are formed from nouns, and therefore it is difficult to distinguish them from the substantive. Adjacency in phrases of this type is similar to control. Students may not distinguish one from another: to leave in the summer - to admire in the summer. As you can see, in the first phrase, the type of connection is adjacency, in the second - control. The criterion of correctness is to find out to which part of speech the dependent word belongs.
In the first case, “in the summer” is an adverb; in the second, a noun. Those. in a controversial situation, we determine the part-affiliation of the doubtful word. Then a semantic question is asked to him. In this case, “when?” and "what?". Questions confirmed the validity of our judgments.
Thus, developing a sensitive attitude to the word, attention to its grammatical structure, the teacher contributes to a better assimilation of the topics studied and an increase in interest in his subject.