A person is at risk of developing a disease. It can affect any organ. In our body, all organs are united into systems according to their functions. The most vulnerable is cardiovascular. Although it consists of only two elements - the heart and blood vessels, the quality of health and human life depends on its work. No wonder we mentioned the quality of life, which is associated with the condition of the heart and blood vessels. After all, any complications or pathological processes in them can forever deprive a person of working capacity and functionality. Therefore, the prevention of heart and vascular diseases occupies an important place in the life of everyone.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system
What to protect yourself from, and what diseases of the heart and blood vessels are?
- Congenital and acquired heart defects. Sometimes, from birth, valves do not work, there is not enough of any element in the structure of the heart, etc.
- Atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels - these blood-filled hollow tubes are overgrown with plaques of cholesterol, interfering with the full supply of oxygen to the brain.
- CHD - coronary heart disease - lack of oxygen for the heart.
- Pathological processes in the peripheral arteries.
- Varicose disease is a violation of blood circulation in the vessels due to increased blood clots.
- Myocarditis for various reasons.
- Deep vein thrombosis.
History taking in people at risk
Prevention of the risk of cardiovascular disease begins with a medical history. It is important for a specialist to know what a person was sick with in order to develop measures to prevent the development of heart and vascular disease. In addition, the doctor asks questions to find out what diseases of the immediate family have this system.
Next, there is a survey about the presence of bad habits - smoking, drinking. The substances contained in cigarettes and alcoholic beverages affect the state of blood vessels, expanding or narrowing them, and also penetrate the blood, which affects the work of the heart.
It is also important for a specialist to learn about the patient's mobility and his diet. If he leads a motionless lifestyle, eats harmful products or without quantity restrictions, such behavior necessarily leads to damage to blood vessels and heart. Prevention of the development of cardiovascular diseases helps a person understand what exactly needs to be changed in his life in order to stay healthy.
Examination of patients with cardiovascular diseases
Any diagnosis is made after any examination. These may be some special manipulations or analyzes. Even after the occurrence of pathological processes, the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system remains relevant. After all, there are various levels of disease development, for example, hypertension has 3 degrees. The first, respectively, is easier to control than the third. And this applies to other diseases. Even if they are already developing, then preventive measures should be continued to prevent complications.
With the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, the following examination is prescribed:
- constant measurement of blood pressure - this should be done 3-4 times a day to monitor your condition and performance of the heart muscle;
- heart rate control - to prevent heart attacks;
- auscultation of the lungs - is performed to study the characteristics of respiratory sounds;
- pulse on the feet - control the patency of the vessels of the limbs;
- body weight measurement - extra pounds give a load on the heart and blood vessels;
- waist circumference.
In addition, doctors prescribe laboratory tests that show the condition of the internal organs, their performance and the quality of the functions performed:
- urinalysis for glucose and protein;
- blood test for the presence of cholesterol and other lipids, glucose and serum creatinine.
Also informative in the study of the work of cardiovascular diseases is an ECG, echocardiography. Most often, cardiograms are prescribed for suspected angina pectoris.
What is the prevention of diseases of this system?
Cardiovascular diseases bring a lot of worries and difficulties . The treatment and prevention of these pathologies at the state level is one of the priority areas. Indeed, in recent years, mortality among people suffering from them has increased.
Prevention of heart and vascular diseases implies measures that are necessary to improve the quality and longevity of people by preventing the appearance and development of such pathologies. Their occurrence is not only a medical, but also a social problem, so prevention is given such attention.
The development of measures concerns not only the prevention of vascular and cardiac diseases, but also the maximum reduction in the risk of complications. The most common of them are: myocardial infarction, pulmonary thromboembolism, stroke.
State Program for the Prevention of Complications of Cardiovascular Diseases
The state program includes three main ones:
- population;
- primary prevention of cardiovascular disease;
- reduced risk of complications in CVD patients (secondary).
The first is the most important, since when it is implemented at the level of the whole population, the quality of life improves. This suggests a reduction in risk factors for heart and vascular disease. For this, measures are being taken to change the lifestyle. Moreover, a medical examination is not always required.
A high-risk strategy, or primary prevention, is aimed at preventing the occurrence of such diseases in people who, by their habits or lifestyle, are already at risk.
The third strategy is aimed at monitoring the state of already sick cardiovascular diseases. It is carried out in order to support health and prevent complications of CVD.
What does the prevention of heart and vascular diseases include?
Such events are not held "from the ceiling". There are special items identified by the Ministry of Health that need to be planned to be implemented. Prevention of risk factors for cardiovascular disease is carried out in several areas, which will be discussed below. The primary task of specialists is to identify and assess the risk of developing such diseases. The assessment is carried out using special tables, since even at first glance healthy people run the risk of ending their lives because of the hidden course of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Power control
Prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system begins with a prerequisite for human existence - nutrition. It depends on him the quality of human life and its duration. If you do not control the diet, make gross mistakes in the development of the diet, then chronic diseases of various organs, including the heart and blood vessels, may appear.
Food is more than satiety. At a shared dinner, people can chat, enjoy food, and so on. But all food intake should bring not only moral satisfaction, but also benefits for the body. Healthy nutrition is one of the main aspects of not only energy production, but also the prevention of various diseases.
To prevent the development of chronic diseases, it is important to eat right, this condition necessarily includes the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The memo for people at risk contains the following recommendations:
- Eat more fish. It helps the heart work better.
- To reduce the consumption of meat, from fatty varieties in general, it is worth giving up.
- Use legumes, herbs, vegetables, dried fruits and oatmeal for food - they help lower blood cholesterol.
- All dairy products can only be used with low fat content. Sour-milk products are especially useful.
- Reduce salt intake, in large quantities it adversely affects blood vessels.
- Limit the consumption of sweets and flour.
- You should not load the heart with tonic drinks.
- It is necessary to practically abandon the use of cheese, yolks, butter, sour cream, kidneys, liver, caviar, and brains. These foods are rich in fats and cholesterol.
- Eat more fruits and vegetables. With fiber, appetite is reduced.
- Of vegetable oils, it is better to use olive.
Such nutritional recommendations include the prevention of cardiovascular disease. A memo with tips that you can get from a specialist is sure to also remind you of the importance of daily eating a variety of foods.
Bad habits
At this point, you need to take into account the duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Passive smokers are also at risk for chronic CVD. Quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of heart and vascular disease.
Regular classes
Regular sports activities are a strong factor in the prevention of pathological conditions associated with heart and vascular disease. Small cardiac loads should also be present in people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system. Physical training strengthens the walls of blood vessels, resumes healthy heart function and helps the whole body to be in good shape. By training vessels, a person provides protection against diseases such as stroke, coronary heart disease, heart attack and some others.
Body weight control
According to statistics, more than 300 million people in the world are obese. This problem takes a leading place among the causes of the development of cardiovascular diseases on a global scale. With an increase in body weight, the production of free fatty acids, an increase in blood pressure and the amount of cholesterol increase. This entails a deterioration in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases in women and men includes weight control, because obesity can lead to diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism. In addition to this system, others also suffer - the load on the legs, back increases, the gastrointestinal tract suffers, the reproductive system, and so on. Cosmetic defects also appear: an increase in the waist circumference, a second chin, and others.
Blood pressure measurement
A sharp pressure drop can lead to a violation of the integrity of the vessels. Therefore, before using drugs, it is necessary to check the pressure indicators. Prevention of heart, vascular diseases should begin with a control measurement of blood pressure. This is necessary to determine the degree of the disease or its prevention.
Prevention of cardiovascular disease in children
It is especially sad to see when children suffer from such serious diseases. But you can prevent their occurrence! A personβs life begins long before his birth. The fetal heart begins to beat by the 6-7th week of fetal development. Prevention of heart, vascular diseases can begin already from this period. A pregnant woman should give up bad habits, malnutrition, excessive fluid intake.
Cardiovascular diseases, the treatment and prophylaxis of which in children is slightly different than in adults, can accompany a small resident all his life, bringing difficulties to him and his surroundings. Therefore, parents should monitor the nutrition of children, moderate physical activity, body weight, rest regimen.