Sometimes a person faces serious health problems when the most effective treatment is surgery. An operation on any organ without anesthesia will not work, otherwise the patient will experience terrible pain, which in the end can cost him his life. There are several types of anesthesia, but the deepest and longest is served using special equipment. Anesthesia apparatus, namely it is the main device present in the operating room, will quickly make the patient a general anesthesia, during which any intervention is performed. But what is this device?
Anesthesia apparatus: what is this device?
An anesthesia machine is a medical device that is designed to provide general anesthesia. This device can be called anesthesia support system. If in the distant past, the functionality of these devices was reduced to the fact that the supply of inhaled anesthetics and gases for life support was provided to the patient’s circuit, modern medical equipment provides more opportunities. It can not only supply oxygen and inhaled anesthetics in the form of gas or liquid, but also perform complex monitoring of vital indicators:
- respiratory pressure;
- oxygen flow and concentration;
- automatic artificial ventilation of the patient’s lungs .
Due to the fact that the features of conducting complex operations using general anesthesia are considered necessary, in addition, it is important to carry out artificial ventilation of the lungs. During operation, the apparatus of modern production for a certain period of time replaces the functions of the respiratory muscles of the human body, oxygenation and ventilation are provided. An endotracheal tube or an anesthetic mask is used to deliver anesthesia.
In addition, this device allows you to control the volume and pressure, but the methods can be different, for example, it can be auxiliary or controlled ventilation, pressure controlled or supported, and many other functions.
Where is the anesthesia machine used?
Anesthesia-respiratory device is used not only for surgical interventions, but also during the treatment of various severe pathologies, in which there is a violation of the most important functions of the body:
- acute heart failure;
- malfunctioning of the respiratory tract: pneumonia, asthma, pulmonary edema;
- shock;
- coma;
- convulsive conditions of various etiologies;
- severe injuries and burns;
- infectious ailments, especially botulism, tetanus and others;
- acute forms of poisoning.
The modular anesthesiology system has several modes of operation:
- provides positive pressure that is supplied continuously;
- positive pressure, but it is supplied in two levels;
- combination of the two above functions.
Types of anesthesia devices
Currently, a huge number of devices have appeared that help not only surgeons when general anesthesia (anesthesia) is needed , but also doctors who have to help patients with complex pathologies.
In order to help doctors in the treatment, manufacturers offer several types of devices:
- floor;
- wall mounted;
- portable.
Floor models are equipped with a locking system and supports in the form of wheels, which made them as convenient as possible in stationary conditions.
Wall-mounted options are most often used to equip helicopter sanitation, resuscitation vehicles or modern ambulances.
Portable or modular were created in order to equip rescuers and emergency workers with the most necessary and not bulky equipment that will help anywhere to help a patient with any severity of the disease.
In addition, modular devices are additionally equipped with batteries, which help the device to work uninterrupted for several hours in any conditions. Also, all devices may vary depending on which category of patients are intended. So, for example, for children, such devices are called neonatal and have a number of additional functions.
The principle of the anesthesia apparatus
Anesthesiology units operate by the principle of blowing. They help to deliver to the patient's lungs a volume of anesthetics in the form of a gas combined with oxygen, or only one oxygen. Everything directly depends on the situation: it is necessary to carry out an operation or resuscitation, the patient’s age, weight, as well as related ailments, are necessarily taken into account.
Mechanical ventilation is carried out with positive pressure at the end of the exhalation of 5-10-15 cm of water column, but indications are taken into account. It is possible to carry out artificial ventilation of the lungs for several hours, and sometimes days or years. There are also high frequency devices. They are of several types: volumetric, jet and oscillatory.
The inkjet device is most often used, and it gives the number of respiratory cycles in the range of 100-300 per minute. Thus, it is possible to reduce the load on the heart, improve blood flow and gas exchange in the lungs. Ventilation can be used in parallel with conventional ventilation.
Technical characteristics of anesthesia devices
There is no better equipment in which several sciences (surgery, anesthesiology and resuscitation) are combined together than an anesthetic apparatus. Such devices have been used for a long time, but modern devices have a variety of functions and help even in the most difficult cases. Modern complexes consist of such systems:
- high pressure;
- dosimeter;
- anesthetics vaporizer in liquid form;
- built-in mechanical ventilation, which has several operating modes;
- respiratory circuit with absorbent;
- display for monitoring processes;
- aspirator;
- humidifier respiratory mixture.
A dosimeter and an evaporator are necessary in order to accurately select the dosage of a narcotic substance. In most cases, use the rotary type, where the flow rate of the mixture is set using a float. The evaporator is a special capacity, it is in it that the liquid anesthetic is transformed into steam.
The respiratory block is used in the same way as manual ventilation and as a drive for narcotic drugs.
Features of anesthesia devices
Today, anesthesiology and resuscitation have gone far ahead. This is due to the fact that modern equipment allows us to provide assistance to patients with severe pathologies in a short time. Most often, medical institutions use effective and economical anesthesiology equipment. They have a prefabricated design, which makes it possible to select modules from one or another specialist needs and the specifics of the operation.
In addition, each currently existing anesthetic apparatus has its own differences:
- Kind of anesthetic ventilator. And there are two of them: pneumatic and electric, and in some models there is no fan at all.
- Type of rotameter: mechanical or electronic.
- A variety of uses of gases: air, oxygen, nitrous oxide, xenon and others.
- The possibility or impossibility of using low-flow anesthesia.
- The amount of time that allows the device to work autonomously.
- Sizes.
- Differences depending on the age of the patient.
Another important difference is the convenience of disinfecting equipment. Manufacturers produce models that require disinfection of the respiratory circuit, and there are those where such difficulties do not need to be undertaken.
But in order to accurately understand the features of anesthesia machines, it is necessary to consider several of the most popular types.
The device for anesthesia "Polinarkon"
This device is from a domestic manufacturer, it is considered one of the most popular. To date, many doctors have given good reviews about this device, because it helps to provide breathing to the patient in one of 4 circuits. They integrate perfectly with devices that provide artificial ventilation, but they are best compared with such devices: RO-5 or 6, FAZA-5, which ultimately makes it possible to optimally adjust and constantly monitor lung volume. Similar models are affordable.
Anesthesia machine Fabius Plus
This device from the German manufacturer "Draeger" is especially popular. Those who already managed to try it in work, were satisfied. This device is equipped with an E-vent fan, which provides several ventilation modes :
- manual / spontaneous;
- controlling volume;
- with constant pressure control;
- with pressure support;
- synchronized additional ventilation.
Anesthesia device "Draeger Fabius" is an electric drive device with a piston and electronic control. The battery comes with it, and it works autonomously for more than 45 minutes. This device has a very simple and understandable interface for everyone.
Specifications "Fabius"
To understand exactly what advantages this device has, it is better to immediately clarify its functions:
- continuous monitoring of O2 concentration during inspiration;
- continuous monitoring of respiratory frequency and minute volume;
- monitoring without interruption of peak pressure in the respiratory tract;
- plateau pressure.
To say how this device differs from many others, you need to determine its distinctive features:
- it is equipped with a color display, which displays digital and graphic parameters;
- it has a reliable and safe system of mechanical rotors;
- it is possible to simultaneously mount two evaporators of inhalation anesthetics;
- it is mobile, so it’s easy for a doctor to organize an optimal workspace for himself;
- convenient base of the trolley, on which you can additionally place other types of equipment.
But no matter what instrument anesthesia is given, each patient should know that he can harm the body.
General anesthesia: effects on the body
Despite the fact that the anesthesia was correctly administered by a professional anesthetist, one must remember that its introduction entails some possible consequences, including:
- hypotension;
- vomiting reflex;
- arrhythmia;
- cerebral edema;
- asphyxia;
- complications in the pulmonary system;
- inflammatory processes;
- renal failure;
- malfunctions in the circulatory system that provides the brain.
The patients themselves who underwent general anesthesia describe the consequences for the body as follows: distracted attention, partial memory loss, speech problems. Some patients have mild irritability, irritability, nervousness, and insomnia.
Especially anesthesia strongly affects children, women who bear babies, and the elderly.
Doctors reviews
Anesthesia apparatus in its practice is used more than once by surgeons, anesthesiologists and resuscitators. According to their reviews, the devices with which the operating rooms were equipped in the distant Soviet times did not differ in efficiency and practicality. But at present, when innovations do not stand still, everything has changed a lot, modern devices have a lot of advantages, thanks to which doctors can help even seriously ill people. With their help, it was possible to reduce the mortality of seriously ill patients.
Conclusion
Summing up, we can say for sure that modern devices of any type are effective devices that help not only to quickly anesthetize a person, but also to support the vital functions of some organs. In addition, with their help, the anesthetist has the ability to select the optimal dose for a particular patient. Anesthesia devices of any type can only be used by qualified specialists, in a hospital or mobile rescue teams at the exit.