A flower is a modified
shoot of a plant intended for propagation by seeds. Unlike ordinary twigs (shoots), it develops from a flower bud. The stem part of the flower is the peduncle and receptacle. Corolla, calyx, stamen and pestle are formed by
mutated leaves. To understand why a plant needs all these organs, it is necessary to study in more detail the structure of any flower. So, in its center is a pestle, which, despite its name, is a “female” reproductive organ. As a rule, numerous stamens are located around it, which are the "male" organ of reproduction. In any flower, the stamen and pestle are its main parts. From them, the fruit of the plant will subsequently be formed, the seeds of which are a reliable means of reproduction.
Stamen and pestle play a crucial role in the life of flowering plants. The male genital organ of any flower, which is the totality of all the stamens, is commonly called the androecium. Each of them has a “stamen filament” and 4 “pollen bags” enclosed in an “anther”. It consists of two halves, in each of which, in turn, there are two more cavities (chambers or nests). They produce well-known pollen. Water and nutrients are held along stamens. The female genital organ of the flower is “gynoecium,” which, in fact, is called the “pestle”. It consists of a “column”, “ovary” and “stigma”. Pollen ripened on the stamens also falls onto this “stigma”. The "column" performs supporting functions, and from the "ovary" containing ovules (one or more), seeds grow during fertilization. In the ovules there are germ bags that develop rapidly and form the fruit of the plant. Pestle and stamen, the scheme of which would not be complete without the “nectaries” that secrete sweet nectar, most often receive pollen with the help of insects flying from flower to flower. Perianth consists of a corolla and calyx. Pestle and stamen are surrounded by perianth.
There are many different
types of flowers that are caused by the presence of various organs. So, plants on which the flowers have a pestle and stamens belong to the "bisexual". If there are only stamens or only pistils, the plant is referred to as "dioecious." “Monoecious” refers to those representatives of the flora on which flowers are present with stamens and pestles. “Dioecious” refers to plants that have only pistillate or only staminate flowers.
The structure of the pestle and stamen has been formed over millions of years. The flower is the reproductive organ of all angiosperms. Stamen and pestle provide the plant with the formation of fruits (seeds). The fetus appears in the process of fusion carpel. It can be simple (peas, plums, cherries) or complex (consists of several fused pistils - cloves, water lily, cornflower). Many representatives of the flora have underdeveloped (rudimentary) pistils. The species diversity in the forms and structure of flowers is associated with differences in their pollination methods that arose during the long evolution process.