The microclimate of industrial premises is the prevailing or created climate inside each individual cabinet, workshop, warehouse, etc. This physical factor consists of several parameters: air temperature (the most significant), air humidity, temperature of surrounding surfaces (intensity of thermal radiation) and air velocity.
The microclimate of industrial premises significantly affects the organisms of workers. The components of this factor are normalized. Climate parameters are divided into optimal and acceptable.
The optimal microclimate parameters in the premises are such a combination of temperature, speed and air humidity at which workers feel thermal comfort without the stress of thermoregulation mechanisms, given the energy costs of the work. For example, in the summer in an office where the energy consumption of workers is low, the optimal temperature at the workplace should be from 23 to 25 degrees. In the same period of the year in welding shops, where the energy consumption of workers is significant, the optimum temperature should be from 19 to 21 degrees.
Acceptable microclimate parameters in the premises are called parameters that do not cause disturbances or damage to the health of workers, but lead to thermal discomfort, reduced performance and poor health. For example, in the summer in the office, an air temperature of 21.0 - 22.9 degrees (below the optimum) and 25.1 - 28.0 (above the optimum) will be considered acceptable.
To determine the normalized microclimate in industrial premises, it is necessary to take into account the period of the year and the category of work.
The microclimate of industrial premises is subject to periodic inspections. To do this, measure the parameters that make up this physical factor, according to the approved methodology. Measuring instruments (instruments by which measurements are taken) must be verified. If the parameters that make up the microclimate do not correspond to the permissible ones, measures must be taken to bring the parameters to the level of acceptable, and ideally, to optimal.
Safety measures are a set of developed and approved rules and measures aimed at preventing injuries and reducing
occupational diseases. Industrial injuries are divided into electrical (electric shock), mechanical (fractures, wounds, bruises), chemical (poisoning, burns, suffocation), thermal (frostbite, burns,
thermal shock), combined, etc.
Thermal work-related injuries and the microclimate of production facilities may be associated. If an employee, due to official duties, is forced to stay at temperatures other than permissible for a long time, then his stay in such conditions should be limited. Safety at work provides for protection of workers from overheating or overcooling by a shift average temperature, which should be within the framework of acceptable for the category of work under consideration.