A section of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer is called oncology. Often, talking about such ailments, they mean only cancer. However, this is not true.
Oncological diseases are malignant tumors that occur in tissues and organs from epithelial cells. This type of cell is an integral part of all human organs of the chest and abdominal cavity, mucous membranes of the nose, intestines, larynx, lungs and so on. The only exception is the brain. The epithelium is characterized by rapid proliferation (the process of reproduction through division). Tumors and other formations develop in the process of degeneration of ordinary cells.
The main factors that can provoke cancer:
- Active and passive smoking.
- Long-term or short-term exposure to the human body of various toxic substances.
- Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages.
- Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays.
- Hormonal disorders.
- Environmental pollution.
- Violation of the integrity of skin lesions.
Many oncological diseases are successfully treated in the initial stages. The problem is that they can develop in the body for many years and not manifest in any way. As a rule, a person perceives the first symptoms of a disease as signs of less dangerous, familiar diseases and does not respond to them properly. As a result, precious time is running out, and the chances of recovery are reduced.
Signs by which cancer can be recognized:
- Fatigue, constant fatigue.
- Sleep disturbance, in particular, insomnia.
- Unreasonable nervousness.
- Lack of appetite.
- Various seals on or under the skin.
- The presence of blood in natural secretions.
- Pain in the body that arose for unknown reasons.
- Unpleasant sensations after eating in the stomach.
If you find yourself with one or more of the listed symptoms, then consult an oncologist immediately. After a full examination, you will find out the causes of the ailments and either start treatment, or just calm down.
Oncological diseases have the following varieties:
- Cancer is a type of malignant tumor formed from epithelial tissue.
- Sarcoma is a malignant tumor that forms in the muscle, bone and brain tissues.
- Malignant diseases of the circulatory system - leukemia, lymphoma. In this case, there is a degeneration of white blood cells, less often red blood cells and platelets.
Cancer Prevention :
- Physical activity and proper nutrition. Scientists have proven that a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, excessive thinness increases the risk of the disease up to 30-40%.
- Full sleep. The amount of time a person spends in a dream directly affects the body’s ability to fight cancer. In addition, lack of sleep significantly reduces the benefits of physical activity and a proper diet.
- Regular examination. For the prevention of certain types of cancer, it is recommended to do a mammogram (annually, starting at 40 years old), colonoscopy (every 5 years, starting at 50 years old), a smear cytology (every 2 years from 21 years old).
- A woman can independently examine the mammary glands at least once a month.
- Those who have moles (especially recently formed) are recommended to check them as often as possible for color changes, the appearance of bumps. Examine the skin for tumors, especially irregular in shape.
It is very important to take care of your health and regularly carry out preventive measures. If for any of the signs there is a likelihood of a disease - immediately go through a full examination.