Urine tests are rightly considered the most important diagnostic methods. They help to identify not only the presence of diseases of the genitourinary system, but also other pathologies, including hidden, implicit ones. The most accurate today is the analysis of urine according to Nechiporenko. Deciphering it makes it clear to the doctor whether the suspicions about this or that diagnosis were confirmed. We will consider the advantages of this method, in which cases it is prescribed, what it helps to determine, and, most importantly, how to decipher the results yourself.
What is it?
Urine analysis according to Nechiporenko, the decoding of which is of interest to the reader, is a method whose essence lies in counting the number of specific bioelements per unit volume of urine. In a general analysis, they are calculated relative to the field of view of the microscope device.
The method was developed by the Soviet urologist A. Nechiporenko Z., in whose honor he received his name. The analysis is distinguished by the fact that it is not necessary to spend a lot of time on it, to use sophisticated equipment.
Method Advantages
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko (its decoding will be given later) has the following number of advantages over other methods:
- It does not require expensive equipment.
- For analysis, the patient needs to collect a small amount of urine.
- For a specialist - one of the simplest material studies.
- Complex preparation of the patient for the collection of urine is not required.
The analysis is general and according to Nechiporenko
Urine analysis according to Nechiporenko, the decoding of which is also available to a layman, is not a replacement for the general, but only an addition to it. In what cases does the doctor prescribe it to the patient? General clinical analysis of urine showed any deviations from the norm. The doctor wants to confirm the presence of a pathology now suspected, to clarify its nature.
The fact is that the general analysis of urine is not as accurate as according to Nechiporenko. The latter is most often addressed by narrow specialists - urologists, surgeons, nephrologists. Sometimes an analysis is needed for the diagnosis and to the therapist.
In what cases is Nechiporenko assigned an analysis?
The specialist prescribes such a method for the study of urine for the patient in cases when a general urinalysis showed:
- White blood cells in urine.
- The presence of protein in the urine.
- Traces of blood in the collected material.
- Increased creatinine and urea levels in urine.
We give further reasons for the appointment of such an analysis:
- Detection of both acute and chronic diseases affecting the genitourinary system, kidneys.
- An increase in body temperature without any symptoms.
- Systemic diseases that are likely to affect the kidneys.
- During the treatment of diseases of the urinary system to specify methods of therapy.
- When conducting general preventive examinations.
- Pregnancy - the analysis helps to identify pathologies that threaten the normal bearing of the child.
What helps to identify this analysis?
Deciphering the analysis of urine according to Nechiporenko in children and adults is the receipt of information about the presence of a disease. This technique has high diagnostic accuracy. In particular, it reveals quite serious violations in the functioning of the urinary system, helps to assess kidney damage in systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, certain injuries and a number of systemic diseases.
Here are the specific deviations and violations that this analysis shows:
- Pyelonephritis (inflammatory process in the renal pelvis).
- Cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).
- Kidney stones (a condition in which uroliths are formed in the kidneys - mineral dense inclusions).
- Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the renal glomeruli - elements responsible for filtering and cleansing passing blood).
- Kidney infarction
- Tumor formation in the kidneys.
- Prostatitis.
- General intoxication of the body.
- Hypertension.
The investigated elements
Next, we will present the norms for urine analysis according to Nechiporenko, a transcript of the results. In order for the reader to understand the essence of this information, we give a brief description of the elements that appear in the results of the study:
- Red blood cells. These are cells that deliver oxygen to organs and tissues in the blood. Theoretically, they should not be in the urine. But, if we turn to practice, then a certain proportion of red blood cells is still there. The explanation is simple - these cells seep through the renal barrier or the vascular walls of the tissues of the urinary system. The abundant content of red blood cells in urine indicates inflammation, swelling, internal trauma, and stones.
- White blood cells. The main function of these cells is to protect the body. White blood cells may also be present in the urine, but in a small volume. This is precisely the evidence that the immune system is functioning as it should. But? if the number of leukocytes in urine is increased, this is an alarming sign. He talks about the development of the pathological process, infection in the body.
- Hyaline cylinders. This is a kind of cast of the renal tubules, in which there is a reverse absorption of nutrients from primary urine. Their main composition is a protein that has not had time to reabsorb back into the blood. Hyaline cylinders will be in the renal tubules for some time, and then washed with urine. Therefore, a small amount of them can be contained in the urine of a healthy person. Raising the norm, first of all, will talk about strong physical exertion, emotional shock.
- Epithelial, granular cylinders are the remnants of the cell mass that surrounds the renal tubules.
- Erythrocyte cylinders are formations that are obtained from red blood cells that are trapped in the renal tubules.
- Waxy cylinders - they turn into hyaline or granular cylinders, which for a long time were in the lumen of the renal tubule.
The type of detected elements is also important for analysis. For example, erythrocytes found in a urine sample can be both living and leached - dead. This fact indicates a certain kind of pathology.
Norm for an adult
The interpretation of the urinalysis according to Nechiporenko in women and men of any age will be the same. The following indicators are considered normal for a person:
- White blood cells - up to 2000 units / ml.
- Red blood cells - up to 1000 units / ml.
- Hyaline cylinders - up to 20 units / ml.
- There should be no epithelial, granular, erythrocyte, waxy cylinders.
- Dead red blood cells in the urine of a healthy person are not observed.
- There is no mark on the content of pathogenic microorganisms in the urine - bacteria, viruses.
After you have handed over a sample of material for research to the laboratory, the result comes in a day. If the Nechiporenko analysis shows normal indicators, but the general clinical one does not, then believe in this case it is worth the first, since it is more accurate. Typically, the doctor then gives a referral for a second general examination of the patient's urine sample.
Norm for children
Now imagine the normal indicators for young patients:
- White blood cells - less than 2000 units / ml.
- Red blood cells - less than 1000 units / ml.
- Cylinders - less than 20 units / ml.
As you can see, the norms will be the same for representatives of all ages and genders.
Norm for pregnant women
We proceed to decipher the analysis of urine according to Nechiporenko in pregnant women. The following indicators will be considered the norm:
- White blood cells - up to 1000 units / ml.
- Red blood cells - up to 2000 units / ml.
- Hyaline cylinders - up to 20 units / ml.
What are the deviations talking about?
We examined the decoding of urine analysis according to Nechiporenko in adults and children. What will deviations from the norm mean? Diagnosing the disease using these indicators alone is difficult even for a professional. Therefore, the patient is assigned additional examinations.
The same deviation may indicate the presence of various pathologies and deviations. Imagine decoding the results of a urine analysis according to Nechiporenko from this side:
- An increased content of leukocytes (more than 2000 units / ml) - urolithiasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, fever, cystitis, bladder tumor, pyelonephritis, acute pancreatitis, appendicitis, glomerulonephritis, in men - prostatitis and vesiculitis.
- The increased content of red blood cells (more than 1000 units / ml) - systemic lupus erythematosus, renal tuberculosis, stones in the bladder or kidneys, polyps, injuries, injuries in the urinary system, tumor processes in the bladder, kidneys, prostate, purulent cystitis, hemophilia , heart failure, acute deficiency in the body of vitamin C, endocarditis.
- Dead red blood cells - nephropathy, hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis.
- The increased content of hyaline cylinders (more than 20 units / ml) - hypertension, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, dehydration, heat stroke, the intake of a large number of diuretics, severe emotional stress, dehydration. In pregnant women - a sign of toxicosis.
- The presence of epithelial cylinders - intoxication of the body, the presence of viral infections, the acute form of tubular necrosis.
- The presence of granular cylinders is a malignant form of pyelonephritis combined with urolithiasis, intoxication of the body, infectious diseases, the active form of glomerulonephritis, systemic and autoimmune diseases that affect the connective tissue, hydronephrosis, which has reached the stage of structural changes in the kidneys, periodic severe physical exertion.
- The presence of red blood cell cylinders is renal vein thrombosis, hypertension, kidney infarction, acute stage of glomerulonephritis.
- The presence of waxy cylinders - chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, rejection of a transplanted kidney by the body, amyloidosis.
We cited in the material the norms for urine analysis according to Nechiporenko, a transcript of the results. However, the article is for informational purposes only: the information in it is not material for self-diagnosis. Only a specialist can make an accurate diagnosis by assigning an additional diagnostic examination to the patient, based on the medical history (medical history) and other important information.