Slavic-Goritsky wrestling is a type of martial art and combat sports, which includes four main types and twelve basic styles, which are united by one common name. The main goal of the system is to prepare a universal fighter who is able to fight in any conditions and by any rules.
Background
The first Slavic martial arts schools appeared in the 3rd century BC. That is, fighting traditions in Russia have a long history. In parallel with martial arts , an entertaining, game folk tradition developed. With a clear difference, there was still a relationship between these areas: folk fun was considered the basic school for the preparation of future soldiers.
The most ancient type of wrestling is considered bearish. It was practiced in the pre-Christian era, when the bear was considered the protector of the genus and was classified as totem animals. It was believed that ritual battles in the fields drove away evil spirits from crops. Bear wrestling gave rise to such types of competitive culture as competitions on the collar, in the cross, in the fight, in the armful, etc. Then, belt wrestling, which is now an official sport, became very popular.
Prize fights (mortgage battles) and judicial fights were practiced in Russia. A huge influence on the formation of a national military culture was made by the military estates - governor, boyars, and combatants. Russian soldiers were taught fencing, wrestling in armor, throwing knives, etc.
A special place in the history of Russian martial arts was occupied by yarygs, or berserkers (Indo-European peoples also had them). These lone warriors could easily withstand an entire enemy detachment. Being in a state of affect, they did not feel fear, did not feel pain and were much more enduring than ordinary fighters.
With the advent of firearms, hand-to-hand combat lost its former significance. Nonetheless, an adversarial popular culture continued to exist and develop.
System founder
And in the early 80s, a new martial art appeared, which was invented by Alexander Belov: the Slavic-Goritsky struggle. In ancient times, ceremonial fights were performed on the mounds of soldiers killed in battle. They were called mountaineers. From here came the name of martial arts. Alexander Konstantinovich for a long time studied folk traditions, games and ceremonies, participating in expeditions to different regions of the North, Siberia, Perm, the Urals and Central Russia. Belov collected the main material through correspondence and personal meetings with people who cherish and respect national traditions. They were a real storehouse of knowledge and useful information. As for historical documents, they hardly mention fights, since the church considered them a pagan tradition.
Many people think that the existing single-combat is now a truly recreated Slavic-Goritsky struggle. Belov does not think so. The founder of the system invented it, putting together techniques from different types of Russian wrestling, and modified all this in accordance with modern realities.
Types of battle
The Slavic-Goritsky struggle (training takes several years) includes four main types of combat:
1. Classic
The complex of military operations committed in the rack for a long time. Victory is achieved thanks to good technique, and on physical strength. It is advisable to use classic combat against representatives of other martial arts schools, when for some reason fighting on the ground is impossible.
2. Assault
The complex of attacking actions aimed at suppressing any form of enemy resistance. Moreover, the degree of combat and physical training of the enemy is absolutely not important. Assault combat is based on the study and management of human behavior patterns. Very effective in street fighting.
3. Total
A set of technical actions during a battle without rules. To participate in the total duel, some technical training is needed, the emphasis of which is on fighting with representatives of various martial arts. For example, the Slavic-Goritsky struggle against karate, kickboxing, sambo, judo, etc.
4. Military applied
An army complex designed for close combat and firearms at short distances. Includes: swimming and fire training; special techniques for moving and controlling the environment; knives skills the art of survival in extreme situations.
Base styles
Slavic-Goritsky struggle (in Moscow and other Russian cities) involves teaching 12 styles:
1. Hem - the fight is exclusively kicked. Hands are used only for protection. Strikes and methods of transportation are borrowed from European martial arts (Folderskal, Puring, Savat, Chasson), hand-to-hand combat and Slavic dances.
2. Radogora - fighting style using hands. It consists of technical and tactical developments of the Slavic combat schools.
3. Rocker - a style with a high rate of punches and kicks, which is achieved through special plastic and inertia. This significantly saves the strength of the fighter.
4. Manure - the style of a comprehensive battle on the ground with the use of deductions, coups, creases, strikes, as well as asphyxiating and painful techniques.
5. Way - a combination of several types of struggle. Includes techniques for total battle and the achievements of Russian historical schools.
6. Heel - helps to master the skills of fighting in specific conditions: on slippery surfaces, in the dark, with numerical superiority, etc.
7. Svilya - a system of techniques for evading enemy captures and attacks. Helps to form the fighter's plastic movements for easy evasion from enemy attacks.
8. Flexible rebuilding - tactical tricks and maneuvering taking into account the stereotypical movements of the enemy, characteristic of a particular type of martial arts.
9. Breast - a style of combat with an opponent that physically surpasses you (in strength, weight, height).
10. S-42 - this is not a Slavic-Goritsky struggle, but its kind adapted to combat operations in real conditions. It consists of a set of the most effective techniques, special survival skills and methods of guerrilla warfare.
11. Blade battle - knife triathlon (combat equipment in movement, throwing knives and free fight) formed the basis of this system.
12. Fire fighting - a battle with the use of firearms. The basis was the pistol eventing: aimed shooting, oncoming combat and shooting in movement.
Competitions
The Slavic-Goritsky fight is a very young martial art. The first All-Union seminar on this discipline was held in 1991 in Kineshma. Championships of Russia, as well as regional and city competitions began to be held regularly since 1994. In 1996, Alexander Belov founded the Russian Federation of the Slavic-Goritsky wrestling, which brought together a network of regional unions, clubs and sports schools. Club "Svarog" is a central school. Each year a rating of the best fighters of Russia is compiled. The federation has an official site with a lot of useful information. There you can find out where training is conducted in a particular city. To do this, you just need to select the appropriate section, for example, "Slavic-Goritsky struggle in Lipetsk."
Competition rules. General Provisions
Competitions in all the styles described above are held according to almost the same rules, with the exception of the breast. The main principle is maximum realism with minimal restrictions on the equipment used.
The area of the ring must be at least 36 square meters. m. For fire combat, this figure is 50 square meters. m
The Slavic-Goritsky struggle in the competitive version involves the availability of equipment. In all types of competitions (except for fire and blade combat), it consists of a mouth guard, a protective helmet and gloves, which allow both to strike and to throw. If the athlete wants, protective protectors are put on him, and by mutual agreement of the participants, devices can be used to protect the forearms, elbows, legs and knees. In the category "hem" you can use a hand shield with an area of 1 square. m
In blade combat, knives with a blunt point and blade are used, as well as body protection. In a fire battle - pneumatic pistols, protective equipment and helmets (all judges must have all this).
Participants should have light athletic shoes on their feet. As for clothes, it is better to choose a special suit that does not restrict movements.
Timing
Fights in the categories "Blade fight", "Hem", "Radogora" are held in one 5-minute gathering. In the categories “Total Duel” and “Classical Battle”, the time of one meeting is 30 minutes (for juniors - 15 minutes). Stopping time is carried out exclusively to assist the injured athlete. The “Assault Battle” has 10 ten-second gatherings. In “Firefight”, 10 seconds are allocated for shooting, and 10 gatherings for a duel.
Weight categories
The Slavic-Goritsky fight until 2003 had no weight restrictions. In 2004, categories “Podil” and “Radogora” were introduced according to the type of addition:
- heavy (above 185 cm and heavier than 85 kg);
- medium (up to 185 cm and up to 85 kg of weight);
- light (up to 170 cm and up to 70 kg of weight).
In other styles, competitions are held without taking into account the height and weight of the fighters.
Violation of the rules and prohibited equipment
The Slavic-Goritsky struggle (lessons are demonstrated at seminars) has limitations on permissible techniques. But they are all minimal and associated with the features of a particular style. For example, in “Radogor” kicks are forbidden, and in “Podil” only they can be attacked. Permitted by the rules of technology are not subject to restrictions on rigidity and areas of impact.
Forbidden: biting, scratching, hitting the spine and groin, dodging the fight, talking during the bout, striking after stopping the fight, etc. It is also forbidden to remove protective equipment during the fight. Incorrect behavior in relation to referees and opponents is not allowed.
Refereeing
In the competitive version, the Slavic-Goritsky struggle, reviews of which are mostly positive, suggests the presence of judges. The judiciary consists of three people. For technical actions, the participants in the fight receive points. The accrual is based on external credibility, technical purity and the correctness of the strike. Take points for untimely, ineffective and inept defensive actions. According to estimates made by the veche, the chief judge awards the participant of the battle victory (defeat), but does not participate in the assessment of technical actions.
During the blade fight competition, the referee's council selects and appoints two observers who will closely monitor the actions of the fighters. The observer himself cannot stop the battle, but if the participant dealt a qualified blow, and no one noticed this, he can turn to the judge (raising his hand) with a request to stop the battle and listen to his opinion.
Winner determination
In all styles (except for fire and blade combat) three outcomes of a duel are possible:
- Victory by points - awarded by the judiciary after scoring.
- Victory with an advantage - when one of the rivals is clearly superior to the other in terms of technical training or combat readiness. Also, this victory is awarded in case of repeated violation of the rules by one of the opponents.
- Pure victory - the enemy refuses or simply cannot continue the battle.
In an assault and a classic fight for each match the athlete is awarded from 1 to 5 points. This reveals the strongest participant in the results of two fights.
Points are calculated as follows:
Loss (when winning with an advantage or a clear victory) - minus 3.
Loss with the technical or physical advantage of the opponent - minus 2.
Draw - 0.
Victory by physical superiority - 1.
Victory by technical superiority - 2.
Overall victory - 3.
Victory with a clear superiority - 4.
Pure victory - 5.
If the total victory indicators are the same, then the judges take into account points for defeat. Each warning about a violation of the rules received by the participant during the match reduces his victory by one notch.
The actions of the fighters are evaluated by the judiciary according to the following parameters:
- Tactical and technical art in combat.
- Defensive skills of a fighter.
- Offensive abilities when striking with hands and feet.
Fire battle
Triple and single shot - these are two versions that the Slavic-Goritsky struggle includes in this category. A Russian professional fight is, of course, good, but there are situations when you need support with fire.
After the judge’s team “Kon!” participants go to the site and try to hit the enemy from any distance (but not less than 5 meters). This takes a certain number of shots. During the battle, any means of transportation are acceptable (including acrobatic stunts, rolls, somersaults, jumping, running and striding). You can apply the style of "Svil".
In fire fighting, there is its own rating system:
- The highest score - hit in the head (any part), neck or throat, left side or middle of the back (chest), in the right side of the lower abdomen or back.
- The average score is the entry into the knee, thigh, shoulder, collarbone, stomach, right side of the back or chest.
- The lowest score is an incoming hit in the forearm / lower leg or a sliding hit on the body (leg, arm, head).
The winner is determined by adding up points for all shots fired. A net victory (early termination of battle) is counted if the participant receives the highest score. Victory is recognized with an advantage when receiving 2 average points. A technical victory is 3 lowest or 1 average point. If the average or highest points are equal, the mutual loss of the participants is recognized. A draw is possible if the opponents miss each other or if they have a pair of lower scores.
Martial Arts Geography and Development
At the moment, this type of martial arts is very actively promoted in the cities of Russia. Many thematic publications enter the book market. For example, Andrei Gerashchenko wrote a book about how the Slavic-Goritsky struggle develops in Vitebsk. But the territory of the Russian Federation is not limited to. The Slavic-Goritsky struggle has already gone beyond the borders of our country. It is in some CIS countries (Ukraine, Belarus, etc.) and far abroad. For example, seminars are held on a regular basis in Italy, a training film was shot in Japan, and championships are held in Bulgaria.