The word "economy" has an ancient Greek origin. It combines two different words at once: “law” and “economy”. With a literal translation of the concept of "economy" we should talk about the economy, which is conducted in full accordance with the norms, rules, laws.
Pages of history
In ancient Greece, the economy was implied in kind - this was the real economy. Science and economy in those days were aimed only at the development of personal economics. If we analyze the definition of the word "economy" in its original interpretation, then it is explained as "the art of housekeeping."
Modern interpretation of the economy
More than two millennia have passed since the advent of the word “economy”. Science and economy during this time have changed significantly. Now in this concept put a slightly different meaning. So what is economics? Science and economy in a broad sense. That is, the sum of all the things, means, objects of the spiritual and material world that people use to ensure decent living conditions, as well as the full satisfaction of all needs. In this context, economics is a science and economy taken together by a person to improve the conditions of existence and create a life support system.
In addition, it can be represented as a separate economic discipline related to the activities of people that are associated with it. Examples of economics as a science and economy confirm the importance of this sphere for maintaining normal relations between all participants in social life in the process of managing. Therefore, the importance of this discipline is difficult to overestimate - the activity of a modern person is closely connected with it.
Terminology
Economics - science and economy at the same time or can these concepts be separated? In English literature there are two words at once: “economics” and “economy”. The first assumes a theory, and the second concept characterizes the natural manifestation of the economy. Thanks to this separation, scientists managed to bring clarity to the understanding of the theoretical foundations of economics. In addition to the substantive perception of it as a specific economic system and the totality of information about this system, some theorists give this concept one more meaning. According to him, the economy is characterized in the form of relations that arise between people due to production processes, consumption of goods, exchange, distribution of products.
Economics in a modern school
The science of managing people, as well as the relationships established in this process - all this is the economy (science and economy). Grade 11 studies such concepts in a separate lesson. Children are not only offered the theoretical foundations of the global and domestic economies, but also taught them to be thrifty, to allocate money resources correctly. All this information can convey to the audience such a discipline as "Economics: science and economy." The course outline includes several main sections at once: special attention is paid to the household, the formation of the ability to distribute income for utility bills, the purchase of money and clothing, training, and leisure. Without the possession of such skills, it will be difficult for a graduate of a school to adapt to modern society. Thus, the course “Economics: science and economics” (11th grade) is aimed at forming in schoolchildren an adequate perception of issues related to material resources.
State economy
To understand the essence of this discipline, it is necessary to consider the issue comprehensively. Despite the fact that there is a “home” economy (science and economy), the most important thing is to understand these processes on a national scale. This definition includes the scope of material production. For example, it can include agriculture, industry, transport, construction. The non-productive sphere is also attributed to state jurisdiction , namely, the activities of people, due to which spiritual goods and information resources are created. For example, health care, art, culture, and education are ranked as such.
All economic activity throughout the country is aimed at creating goods, their redistribution, consumption and exchange. Such a circle of relationships between people is studied in school economics. Science and economics are briefly discussed in high school. This discipline is taught 1 time per week at a basic level and in the amount of 2-3 hours with specialized training. The subject answers the questions: “for whom?”, “How?”, “What?”. Schoolchildren receive detailed information on management methods with limited resources, the organization of their own households, and the rational use of natural resources.
Department of Economics
This science is divided into macro-, micro- and global economies, affecting more global processes. Micro is an area of those economic relations that are associated with individual services and manufacturers, the formation of the economy on the example of individual companies and small firms. It implies the presence of ordinary consumers, landowners, workers, households (families), enterprises (firms).
The purpose of microeconomics
Microeconomics is a branch of economic science that studies the activities of various participants in the economic sphere. It is she who helps consumers understand the goods and services offered by manufacturers, make the right choice. This section devotes considerable attention to the problem of the optimal behavior of individual companies in the modern market in order to reduce material costs and obtain significant financial benefits.
Macroeconomic Feature
What is the course "Economics: Science and Economics"? The table in which its main elements are presented introduces the guys to the basic terms.
For example, high school students will recognize the features of macroeconomics. It is part of the economy, which covers the processes taking place on a global scale. The national economy is seen as a single whole. The material foundation for macroeconomics is national wealth created by the hands of many generations. That is why economics is a science and economy. Theory and practice involve consideration of such urgent and important issues for each state as inflation, economic ups and downs, unemployment, and the state budget. Specialists are trying to find solutions to the problems faced by the state. For example, how to reduce unemployment, how to accelerate economic growth, reduce the gap between our country and European powers.
Problems of the modern economy
Russian economists are primarily concerned with the question of finding ways to increase the efficiency of the domestic economy, structural transformations in the national economy of the state, search for options for changing the raw material profile of Russia, increase production of high-quality goods and services.
The economy is a special world filled with its own laws and ties. There are many contradictions in it, but the material well-being of citizens, the ability to attend exhibitions, teach children, and get acquainted with cultural values directly depend on it. With the correct organization of the economy, leisure and work will be organized optimally and rationally. It should be noted that far from any economic activity can be considered economic. For example, in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages there was a forced labor of slaves and serfs. How could one talk about that variant of managing as an economic one? Of course not. Only an enterprise based on the independence and freedom of the producer of products, obtaining the right to independently “bring” to the market the result of its activities, determine the price for it, will be considered truly involved in the economic process. That is, there should be aspects that imply the presence of exchange and developed trade.
Conclusion
Many modern economists speak of a "stepwise" development of the economy. The first step is the development of ordinary home production. The second stage is characterized by the formation of the economy, as a result of which a separate producer appears, the development of exchange and trade. The third step is a developed market economy. Such an approach is fully explainable and justifiable, since it can be used to distinguish between forced coercion to carry out economic activities (work “from under the stick”), lack of independence, lack of initiative by workers, or an economy that exists on the principles of freedom of the consumer and producer, which implies the opportunity to choose.
What is the role of economic activity in the life of modern society? Skeptics believe that it has far from the most important function, note the priority of spirituality, cultural development over material goods and needs. But there are those who are convinced of the importance of economic processes. They motivate their position by the fact that in order to study cultural monuments, a person needs to have a good roof over his head, warm himself, get dressed, eat. If the economy is developed at a certain level, optimal conditions are created for human life and he will be able to find time for intellectual activity. For the formation of the state, continuous improvement of technologies and tools is necessary. Only in this case, spiritual values will come to the fore, because a person will not need to spend time searching for opportunities to satisfy material needs. The formation of an economic culture in the modern generation is an important task, which is why general education schools provide for an economic course (in grades 10-11).