The current stage of development of our country makes completely new demands on the quality of educational and upbringing processes in preschool institutions. This applies not only to the selection of the basic forms and methods of working with children aged two months to seven years, but also to the creation of conditions for their maximum comfortable entry into society.
In recent years, preschool educational institutions have experienced serious changes that are associated with a whole group of factors. Firstly, market relations are increasingly entering the educational environment , which is expressed, in particular, in the development of competition not only between individual institutions, but also between didactic and educational concepts. Secondly, against the background of a constant increase in requirements for it by the state and parents, the preschool institution faced obvious underfunding, which led to a significant formalization of the educational process in it.
Thirdly, the parent community begins to play an increasingly active role in monitoring kindergartens. At the same time, an acute shortage of institutions of this type in the country has led teachers to use this argument as a tool to influence especially important fathers and mothers. Finally, fourthly, in the light of recent changes related to the adoption of the new Law on Education, kindergartens have finally turned from a predominantly educational structure into full-fledged preschool institutions with an educational program.
The new law and by -laws adopted in addition to it have approached in a new way the main activities of various types of kindergartens. A preschool institution in its activity is obliged to be guided by the basic norms of Russian legislation, as well as the provisions of the State Standard in this area. The main goals of this educational level are:
- paying close attention to the state of physical and mental health of children;
- focus on the maximum realization of the physical, aesthetic and social abilities of the pupils;
- taking into account the individual characteristics of children;
- education in the spirit of patriotism, inspiration of respect for family values, cultural traditions and customs of Russia, love of nature ;
- correction of deficiencies in the mental and physical development of the child ;
- establishing interaction with all major social partners - families, state and public institutions.
Preschool exists in our country in several basic forms. The most common type is kindergarten, which implements a standard educational program that meets the basic requirements for preschool education and parenting. In addition, there are such types of institutions as a kindergarten supervision and rehabilitation, combined kindergartens, child development centers. Their features are directly related to the contingent that they are called upon to train and educate.
Thus, the preschool institution plays a crucial role in the socialization of the personality of the child. It is here, along with the family, that the basic qualities of a citizen are laid, his ideas about the cultural and social traditions of society are formed.