Education is the purposeful development of a person as a unique individual. It ensures the improvement of his creative and moral strength by building such a social practice and creating conditions so that those qualities that the child is in the initial stage, developed and improved.
Modern educational theories are usually a synthesis of natural science, psychological and philosophical theories. The most famous of them are called behaviorism, neo-Thomism, neopositivism and pragmatism. A common feature of these theories can be considered their humanistic orientation, as well as focus on the education of self-developing, free personality.
Modern concepts of education are a realistic model, an anthropocentric model, free education, as well as others, including: humanistic, technocratic.
In education, the basic concept is a realistic model. Experience and knowledge are transferred to the foster child, taking into account his age-related capabilities - that is, in a form in which he can master them immediately.
The anthropocentric model is based on the idea of a person as a holistic system. This system is open, it is constantly changing and updated as a result of what interacts with the outside world. The educational process is not limited by any norms, therefore it has no completion.
Forms the interests and principles of life of free education. This model aims to educate a free person responsible for his life, the choice of life values and principles.
Modern concepts of education include several major theories - their founders are famous psychologists and philosophers. This is the psychoanalytic theory of A. Gesell and Z. Freud; cognitive theory J. Piaget, D. Dewey; Behavioral (behaviorist) theory of B. Skinner, D. Locke, D. Watson; humanistic psychology of A. Maslow, C. Rogers.
Despite the fact that they have different approaches, modern concepts of education are built on general laws: education takes place in close interconnection with training, however, plays a major role; the effectiveness of education depends on the activity of the educated person and how much he is involved in the process; its results are also determined by the connection of all the structural elements that make up this process: goals and methods, as well as forms that are understandable to both the teacher and the child.
The basic technologies of education include verbal, visual and practical methods. There are several main directions of modern concepts of personal education: restoration of the importance of the state in the education of a new generation; expanding the role of the public, educational institutions, social institutions; restoration of correspondence between the content of upbringing and the needs of the person who is being brought up, of the state and society; the increasing role of educational activities in the formation of new life principles among young people. Modern concepts of education are aimed primarily at creating a cultural personality in the child.
Many social institutions still use outdated education models. The state is trying to improve this system so that the younger generation has the opportunity to acquire skills and knowledge using the latest technologies in accordance with the requirements of modern society. Of great importance for the effectiveness of education is the personality of the teacher, namely: the high level of his general and pedagogical culture, the components of which are general erudition and a broad outlook, professional competence, pedagogical skill, organizational and organizational qualities.