Ensuring an individual approach to each child in a regular school or kindergarten is not an easy task. However, such requirements are dictated by the educational standards and realities of modern life. The teacher helps the student not only to complete the curriculum, but also to reveal his abilities, to understand which field of activity is closer to him. To accomplish this task, you can use various technologies to individualize training.
Individualization is ...
An individual approach in pedagogical practice involves focusing on the characteristics of the student and their consideration in the construction of the educational process. Working with the group as a whole, the teacher uses different schemes of cooperation with each of its members.
Individualization of training is based on the choice of such forms, pace and areas of work that correspond to the characteristics of the students. This requires professional pedagogical diagnostics of the personality characteristics of the child when designing programs for his education.
Such a formulation of the problem allows us to answer the question of why individualization of learning is called penetrating technology. The principle of an individual approach can be used in any technique. For example, it can be a design form, game or problem.
Differentiation and individualization technologies
The modern school is focused on making the principle of individualization the basis of the educational process. The technology of individualization of learning suggests that a personality-oriented approach to the child becomes a priority. Classic examples of individualized teaching methods can be considered:
- adaptive system A.S. Frontier;
- productive collaboration technologies;
- design method;
- training on the basis of an individual curriculum V.D. Shadrikova.
Often they are used in conjunction with a differentiated approach. Differentiation is understood as a way of taking into account individual personality characteristics in the construction of the educational process. This may be a division of students into groups, the content, goals and teaching methods of which will be different. Each member of the team with this option reaches the maximum level for itself in development and knowledge.
Technology of level differentiation and individualization of education
This technology assumes that the student does not absorb the entire amount of program material, but as much as his capabilities allow, but not less than the minimum acceptable level. This stepwise differentiation assumes the presence of several options for programs on the subject, which will differ in volume and level of complexity. This technology of individualization of learning and development allows you to:
- increase motivation within groups;
- to exclude the principle of "averaging" of students;
- create comfortable conditions for educational work;
- provide a personality-oriented approach.
Differentiation can be based on the principle of separation of educational institutions (general education school, correctional school, gymnasium), the creation of different levels within institutions (bias, profile, class of compensatory education) and classes (different age groups, electives).
Internet technologies in individual learning
Information technology has become an integral part of life, occupying a special niche in the educational process: access to information, the ability to work remotely, implement network projects. Informatization is one of the most effective technologies for individualizing education today, allowing you to create an educational path for both gifted and lagging students. In the field of online learning, there are a number of basic models of distance interaction:
- “Internet school” (use of information resources in full-time classes);
- “Student - Internet teacher” (a combination of full-time classes at school and distance work with teachers);
- “School - student - Internet” (school lessons are complemented by online self-education).
When working with network resources, the student is asked general information search vectors, and the level of its complexity and creative application depends on his abilities.
Individual form of organization of work in the classroom
A lesson in a modern school has special requirements. The use of technology to individualize learning is one of them. In this case, each student or group of students at the same level receives individual tasks that differ in the degree of complexity and creativity. It may also vary the execution time of a single task for the entire class.
Such forms of work involve a change in the position of the teacher, who needs to differentiate the level of assistance provided to students from different groups.
Ideally, the student, having received a case for execution, independently determines the sequence of actions, the pace of work, evaluates the result. But for poorly performing students, the support of the teacher and the presence of action algorithms are important.
Formation of an individual educational route
The technologies of individualization of education are reflected in the main educational program of the school and the curriculum, which provides for the so-called “student component”. We are talking about the selection of the content of training, pace, ways of evaluating the results that add up to a special individual educational trajectory of the student. The alignment of such a trajectory occurs according to the following algorithm:
- Diagnosis of the student’s personal capabilities, fixing the current volume of knowledge and skills in a specific subject area.
- Identification of the fundamental components of the topic under study.
- Fixation of priority sections and their connection with the interests of the student.
- Formation of an individual program for studying selected objects.
- Implementation of the plan, self-assessment of the work done.
- Presentation of the results, collective discussion.
- Analysis, reflection.
Individual lessons system
The technology of individualization of training provides for the creation of certain algorithms for compiling programs that are provided to the student as a kind of model that he can supplement and process. As a result, the educational process is based on individual curricula. Most often, this approach is used in high school to avoid overloading students.
Individual plans contribute to the professional orientation of students and allow you to take into account the interests of all participants in the educational process.
An educational institution determines a set of courses and training subjects available for mastering, then a curriculum and schedule is formed. As a result, students of the same class study disciplines at different levels and in different forms.
The implementation of individual plans should be preceded by a detailed analysis of the personnel, material, substantive conditions of the educational environment of the organization, as well as the abilities and psychological characteristics of graduates of the basic school.
Individual approach in preschool education
The technology of individualization of education in a preschool educational institution (preschool educational institution) is one of the key components of the federal standard. This is reflected in the variability of educational programs, types of children's activities. When choosing methods and forms of interaction between the teacher and the pupil, the initial level of intellectual abilities, emotional characteristics of the child is taken into account.
Individualization occurs at several levels.
At the scale of the group, its own microsystem is formed (interests, activities, rules of conduct), within which the child can choose a partner in the game, material for creativity, the pace of work.
At the subgroup level, if the teacher has determined the tendency of several children to a particular type of activity. In this case, additional education resources can be connected.
An individual approach is necessary when working with a specific child in a group, if the level of his abilities is markedly different from the accepted norm.
Differentiation of education and development in kindergarten
The variability of the modern system of preschool education is harmoniously combined with the technologies of individualization and differentiation of education in preschool educational institutions. This is reflected in the principles of the formation of the developing environment of the group and the methods of interaction between an adult and a child. The layout, equipment, filling groups with game materials are aimed at the individual development of children.
The child can choose one of several thematic zones (storyline, speech development, experimentation), objects and materials, determine with whom he wants to perform certain actions. The task of the educator is to offer children types of activities that represent a certain cognitive challenge. The teacher does not indicate directly what needs to be done, but leads the children to express their own ideas, taking into account their individual characteristics. In this case, relying on the potential of children with a higher level of cognitive and creative abilities that can help others becomes an effective technique.