Rhinoscopy is a procedure that is a research method that studies the condition of the nasal cavity through special mirrors. It makes it possible to see all the changes and otolaryngological pathologies. It is very much in demand.
When is rhinoscopy necessary?
Indications for rhinoscopy are diagnostic tests in the nasal cavity. That is, this is an ordinary ENT study in essence. Most often, patients require anterior type of rhinoscopy. The main indications are nosebleeds for an unclear reason. Also, rhinoscopy is resorted to with pollinosis, sinusitis, rhinitis. It is widely used for curving the nasal septum. Injuries to the skull and face, headaches, adenoids and polyps can also be indications.
The most difficult is the posterior rhinoscopy. This is a procedure that is carried out only in the presence of tonsils, hypertrophy of the palate and swelling of the mucosa. Often children experience fear of her, and therefore it is not so easy to hold, and therefore it is advisable for babies to feel the nasopharynx without the use of mirrors.
If there is any pathology of the upper respiratory tract, a special study is required, which includes an examination of the mouth, nose and larynx. First, the specialist needs to feel everything, study the integrity of the integument and their color. In the absence of the desired result, the use of special equipment is required. They try to prescribe a child’s rhinoscopy only in the most extreme cases.
Features of preparation for the procedure
To prepare for rhinoscopy, no additional measures are required. A physician will only need the moral attitude of a person. To this end, he must tell the progress of the procedure, voice the main rules of his behavior during the inspection. To improve the quality of diagnosis, you must also resort to the use of effective anesthesia.
The mucous membrane is sprayed with a special agent that has analgesic and decongestant effect, which allows the patient to avoid unpleasant sensations and obvious tissue edema. When planning an ordinary examination, Lidocaine is used. If surgical intervention is required, then, of course, the use of general anesthesia will be appropriate.
Throughout the study, the patient needs to relax to avoid uncomfortable sensations. In some cases, the doctor will change the position of the head during the manipulation. The patient needs to try not to worry and not make any sudden movements. If severe fear or sudden pain occurs, a specialist should be warned about this.
To carry out the procedure, you can contact:
- to the diagnostician;
- to the ENT doctor;
- to the otolaryngologist.
Technical features of the rhinoscopy process
Rhinoscopy is a research method that is distinguished by a rather complex technique. Only a doctor can carry out this procedure. The main instrument is a rhinoscope, which is among the complex equipment. It consists of two tubes, one of which is inserted into the nasopharynx, and the second is used during the examination.
This device has various modifications, manifested in the length of the input part, in the viewing angle, in diameter. In babies, this procedure is carried out through ear funnels. At an older age, children are given a special glass that has a small diameter. When conducting a study in a small child, two doctors must participate in it, one of which actually carries out the procedure, and the other holds the baby so that he does not make unnecessary movements.
After applying anesthetic to the nasal mucosa, you need to fix the patient's head. The specialist needs to put his right hand on the back of the head and begin to gradually insert a closed mirror into the nose. The length of the distance depends on a hypothetical disease, most often it ranges from three to twenty millimeters. Then the cheeks of the mirror are slowly moved apart so as not to cause pain to the patient. After this, an inspection is carried out. In case of insufficiently good examination, a probe is used.
Endoscopic rhinoscopy
It is such a diagnostic and treatment procedure that makes it possible to study the nasal structures. This technique allows minimally invasive procedures. Modern experts often resort to it.
The effectiveness of endoscopy is truly proven. Thanks to it, various pathological changes in the mucous membrane can be detected. A number of microsurgical operations also become possible due to the existence of a similar technique. It is a real breakthrough in modern medical science.
To carry out endoscopy, the latest equipment is needed. Only a specialist can carry out all the manipulations, who should be able to help the patient, and not harm him. Subject to all the rules, nothing will threaten human health. This study provides a lot of information.
Front
Anterior rhinoscopy is carried out quickly and does not cause special discomfort for the patient. If through the nostrils it is possible to discern the internal departments of the intranasal cavity, then the doctor injects a special anesthetic and inserts a rhinoscope with elongated branches.
This manipulation has the following procedure:
- on the threshold of two centimeters closed branches are introduced;
- the branches are carefully pushed apart;
- the patient sits with his head straight or slightly thrown back;
- if boils are found in the nostrils, they do not have a physical examination.
Back rhinoscopy
This procedure is quite painful, it is used to study the distant parts of the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx fornix. It is carried out as follows:
- the tongue is moved forward with a spatula;
- the device is inserted up to the pharyngeal wall (to suppress the gag reflex, you need to open your mouth as much as possible and breathe through your nose);
- if the patient has difficulties, the pharynx should be irrigated with an anesthetic drug.
Posterior rhinoscopy is a very informative method of examination. Thanks to it, you can detect polyps, diseases that are localized in the area of the soft palate, adenoids, inflammatory processes of the mouth of the auditory tubes.
It should be noted that in this case an ordinary small mirror with a long leg is used. It needs to be heated and wiped all the time to avoid fogging. Where to make rhinoscopy? The procedure is carried out in many private clinics.
Medium Rhinoscopy
To carry out this method of medical examination, devices with elongated branches are used. This technique allows you to clearly consider the superior accessory voids, that is, the maxillary and frontal.
Manipulations are carried out in a sitting position, but the patient needs to lean his head back a little. Closed branches are inserted into the nostrils after irrigation with an anesthetic of the mucosa. If such a need arises, the ENT uses drops that contribute to the narrowing of blood vessels to expand the air passage.
Surgical Rhinoscopy
To eliminate pathological areas, a rhinoscope is used, which simultaneously examines and treats the disease. In the surgical method, a small tissue incision is needed, for example, to eliminate a neoplasm in the form of a tumor, polyps or to take a sample of cells for laboratory testing of this material.
Modern tools can reduce blood loss and observe through the optics the progress of the operation. Thanks to this technique, only damaged tissue can be removed, and healthy areas preserved entirely.
All manipulations are performed under local anesthesia with the simultaneous use of aerosols that eliminate edema. In complex surgery, general anesthesia will be required.
After surgery, the patient should remain for one to two days in the hospital. In the absence of negative consequences, it can be discharged. The recovery period lasts no more than seven days after rhinoscopy. The colon is checked by proctosigmoidoscopy (colonoscopy).
Retrograde rhinoscopy
This variety is fully similar to the rear study. In simple words, this is simply the second name of this procedure. Such a study is being conducted to study the state of the nasopharynx. For its implementation, the doctor needs a spatula, the tongue is pressed down, a nasopharyngeal mirror is inserted. It must be preheated. The mirror side is inserted and almost reaches the back wall.
To avoid the gag reflex, the patient needs to calm down, breathe through his nose, opening his mouth wide. Thanks to this process, the soft palate relaxes, which allows the specialist to study the nasopharynx well. With a strong gag reflex, the mucosa is lubricated with special means.
In some cases, a fibroscope is used to carry out the procedure. Sometimes its role is played by a special tip, which allows you to examine the nasopharynx completely.
Now we know what it is - rhinoscopy in medicine.
Decoding and norm indicators
The norm indicators are certain anatomical characteristics. The soft palate should be distinguished by mobility and symmetry of the left and right sides. During the examination of the mucosa, it is important to pay attention to its surface and color. Normally, it is pink, smooth, moist, its arches have contours, and a few lymphoid granules are visible. The mouths of the lacunae are connected; there is no detachable substance in them. Crypts normally do not contain anything, or there is something in small quantities.
In adult patients, the nasopharynx and passages should be free. Nasal concha normally have a pink hue and a smooth surface.
We examined the procedure of rhinoscopy. This is a fairly common research method.