The construction of buildings in a monolithic way has long been popular due to its high reliability and structural strength. Wall formwork is one of the most important criteria for successful construction. For multi-storey buildings and private houses, different ways of laying it can be used. Consider the types and types of technology.
Kinds
The main advantages of monolithic wall construction are the speed of work and financial savings using innovative materials. Wall formwork is divided into several types, namely:
- Small-panel blanks are used mainly for the erection of various structural forms, most often in the construction of small buildings.
- The type of large-panel finish is a construction of large sheet fragments, each of which corresponds in size to the concrete area. It is characterized by high strength and the ability to withstand maximum loads without additional reinforcement of the frame. This method is used in the formation of ceilings in different types of buildings, often combined with a variable cross-section in plan.
- Block-type molds are designed for the construction of low structures and elevator shafts. They are rigid or detachable blocks consisting of three parts interconnected.
- Block wall formwork is volumetric interchangeable modules that are mounted from individual elements. This solution allows you to simultaneously build up to four external walls. Often the system is used in the construction of internal partitions.
- Another view is the sliding construction. It consists of a three-dimensional module located along the perimeter of the surface. The workpiece is positioned in the desired position using a hydraulic lift. Most often, the design is used for the construction of multi-storey buildings with simple architectural design.
Construction types
Wall formwork can be formed in different ways. However, this process does not affect the main functionality. Much depends on the manufacturer and the types of blanks. The basic configuration of the design in question includes the following elements:
- Linear or corner panels.
- Fasteners (screws, nuts, screws).
- Details of key lock.
- Struts.
- Scaffolding and brackets.
Often, a standard set includes an auxiliary kit designed to adapt the design to the architectural and technical features of the structure.
Production material
Wall formwork can be made of wood, plastic, metal or polymer elements. Wooden analogues are mainly used in the construction of private houses or cottages. The design is quite simple to do on your own, without spending additional funds on workers and materials. The advantages of wooden formwork are simplicity of processing, sufficient strength and environmental friendliness. The disadvantages include the exposure of wood to moisture and pests, which requires additional processing with special compounds.
Reliable metal formwork stands out for its durability, ease of assembly and mobility. Aluminum variation is practically not subject to corrosion and deformation.
Polymer analogues
A plastic or polymer structure is a sheet in which grooves for pouring concrete mortar are provided. The main advantages are low weight and high thermal insulation characteristics. It is worth noting that such an installation is one-time, since subsequently it is impossible to remove it.
Mounting Features
The installation of wall formwork depends on the type of construction. For example, block and large-panel elements during installation require the following steps:
- Checking the installation site using geodetic tools.
- Marking on floors between levels or floors.
- Placement and fixation of working parts using hydraulic or screw jacks.
- Installation of additional struts, if necessary, to prevent the accidental fall of shields.
- Fixing installed sheets with each other using special locks.
- The construction of the bottom row of screed along with embedded elements and foster educators.
- Installation of the opposite row of panels reinforced with clamps at the edges.
- Subsequent assembly of the remaining parts, including the union of the stages.
- Installation of stairs for the passage of workers.
Final work
The final stage in the arrangement of the formwork is the verification of the reliability of the fixation of locks and fasteners. In addition, with the help of a level or a building level, the position of the structure horizontally and vertically, as well as the absence of cracks in the joints, are controlled. All parts must be in close contact, and the locking tabs must be securely fastened. With the correct erection of the system, after pouring concrete, the sides of the shields do not deform and hold the required shape.
If the elements of the wall formwork are bent, warped or cracked, it is necessary to stop the pouring of concrete. This will prevent further deformation of the shields, and their possible collapse. In many ways, the quality of the design depends on the manufacturer. Some firms save on the quality of the material, which does not withstand the specified loads. The second reason for poor installation is a violation of the technology of work.
Fixed Wall Formwork
Monolithic walls erected using such a scheme do not require re-dismantling of the support panels. A similar option is applicable in the construction of walls as a subsequent component of the overall structure. The most common type of formwork is foam polystyrene blocks with cells. Subsequently, the sheets are mounted at a distance of 150 millimeters and fixed with jumpers.
The scheme for the construction of formwork of this type can be distributed as follows:
- The structure is being installed on the foundation with specially prepared polymer blocks. They are fixed by jumpers, which guarantees strength and stability. The concrete mix is poured, as with the usual version, 500 millimeters in height.
- Reinforcement. This operation involves the installation of fittings between blocks of fixed structure. The gain is placed in special grooves provided in the blocks.
- The final wall decoration. The final version is a wall, the outer side of which is made of polymer, and the inside is made of concrete. The outer surface is finished with non-combustible reinforcing material, which allows you to strengthen and secure the entire structure.
If during the assembly process there is a problem in the form of a mismatch of parts, it can be solved quite simply. To do this, you need to saw the block to give it the correct configuration. Filling of the considered design is made exclusively with concrete mortar.
Wall formwork "Dock"
Among the many systems offered on the market, the products of the Doka company stand out. The company produces elements for formwork of varying complexity. The beam view is made of metal or wooden sheets, which are assembled in a single structure. The package includes fasteners, scaffolds and safety supports.
In addition, the company produces combined systems, as well as special brands. For example, concrete wall formwork type DOKAFF 100 tec is equipped with rigid crossbars, which make it possible to keep the mortar from concrete under pressure up to 80 kN / m. There are fixing screws at the back that guarantee a perfectly flat surface. Modular equipment consists of support posts, fasteners, frame shields, sheathed with metal or plywood parts.
Finally
In conclusion, it is worth considering the mixtures that are most often used for the construction of wall formwork. Among them:
- Wall formwork "b" (concrete). The most popular material is characterized by high strength, but requires additional insulation due to low thermal conductivity.
- Reinforced concrete. It combines reinforced elements and concrete mortar more powerful and warmer, but heavier than the previous analogue.
- Slag and expanded clay concrete. These materials are similar in strength, have a better indicator of thermal conductivity than previous variations.
- Arbolit is a mixture of wood and cement. This material is durable and warm, subject to proper waterproofing.
In order to better navigate the market of the materials in question, you should use the advice of specialists. This is due to the fact that updated analogues often appear that are superior to competitors in one way or another.