Semashko Nikolay Alexandrovich - the famous Soviet doctor. He also became famous as a major party and statesman, who became one of the founders of the healthcare system in the USSR. Today, many healthcare institutions in Russia and neighboring countries are named after him.
Doctor's biography
Semashko Nikolay Alexandrovich was born in 1874. He was born in the village of Livenskaya, which was part of the Oryol province. Now it is the Lipetsk region. His father was a teacher, his name was Alexander Sergeyevich. The mother of the hero of our article, before marriage, Maria Plekhanova, was the sister of the famous philosopher and propagandist of Marxism, George Plekhanov.
In 1891, Semashko Nikolai Alexandrovich graduated from the male gymnasium in Yelets. Among his classmates there were many famous personalities in the future. For example, the writer Mikhail Prishvin. True, Semashko did not possess a literary gift, so he went to the medical faculty of the capital's university to receive higher education. Two years later, largely under the influence of his mother’s brother, he joined the Marxist circle. Soon this attracted the attention of law enforcement officials. In 1895, Semashko Nikolai Alexandrovich was arrested on charges of participating in the revolutionary movement. As punishment, he was assigned a reference to his homeland in the village of Livenskoye. There he was constantly under police surveillance.
Medical education
Despite problems with the law, Semashko managed to get a medical education. Only he graduated not from Moscow, but from Kazan University. He began his career in the Oryol province, then worked as a doctor near Samara. In 1904 he joined the Nizhny Novgorod Committee of the local Social Democratic Labor Party. In 1905, when the revolution began, he initiated a strike at the Sormovsky plant. For this activity he was again arrested.
Having freed himself, he decided to leave Russia. In 1906 he moved to Switzerland. In Geneva, met with Vladimir Lenin, becoming one of his followers. In 1907, Semashko was nominated for the Stuttgart Congress of the International by the representative of the Bolshevik party in Geneva.
Participation in the Bolshevik organization
In 1908, Semashko moved to Paris, where he worked as a secretary in the foreign bureau of the RSDLP. Repeatedly represented the Party Central Committee at various conferences and meetings. In particular, he initiated issues related to insurance of workers. In 1913 he participated in the Social Democratic movement in Bulgaria and Serbia. He went to the First World War. He returned to Moscow in 1917, became a delegate from the Bolshevik party in the Pyatnitskaya council. He took a direct part in organizing the armed uprising in October 17, and decided on the provision of medical assistance to the victims.
Health care system
After the triumph of the Bolsheviks, he received support from the ruling party in the implementation of their projects. Among his main merits was the creation of the Soviet healthcare system. As many experts noted, he managed to establish an exemplary system that many countries envied. Nikolai Alexandrovich became the first Soviet people's commissar for medicine, in fact, heading the USSR Ministry of Health. Officially, his position was called the People's Commissar of Health.
Semashko was entrusted with the most important and sensitive issues. It was the hero of our article who oversaw the autopsy of the leader of the Russian revolution of Lenin after his death. He fought the epidemics that raged in a country devastated. He laid the foundations of the Soviet system for protecting motherhood and childhood, protecting the health of minors, and organized a whole network of medical research institutes.
Professorship
In the biography of Semashko Nikolai Alexandrovich, an important place is occupied by scientific activity. In 1921, he headed the Department of Social Hygiene at Moscow University, having worked on it until 1949. In 1927, he raised the problem of organizing an All-Union Institute of Nutrition. Three years later, this work was carried out. Today its successor has become the Research Institute of Nutrition, which operates under the auspices of the RAMS. His main task was the systematic conduct of research in the field of nutrition throughout the USSR.
In the 30s, Semashko held important posts at the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. He was chairman of the Children's Commission, which fought with street children, and was also responsible for prevention in children's health facilities. In 1936, the prosthetic factory was named after the hero of our article for its great achievements in the field of production of prosthetic semi-finished products.
After the outbreak of the war against fascist Germany, he was evacuated to Ufa together with a medical institute, in which he headed the department of healthcare organization. But already in 1942 he returned to Moscow to work with medical universities during the war, as the shortage of doctors was felt very sharply.
When the Nazis were defeated, he undertook detailed and detailed works on the sanitary consequences of the war, and restored the health care system in the regions. After the war, he remained in the leadership of the Soviet health care system. He worked as the head of the Institute of School Hygiene, led the All-Union Hygienic Society.
Personal life
Semashko was married twice. His daughter from his first marriage, named Elena, worked as a responsible employee of the Soviet Ministry of Health in the 60-70s. Granddaughter Elena also followed in his footsteps, becoming a pediatrician, led the clinic of childhood diseases. For the second time, the hero of our article married opera singer Maria Goldina. In memory of Semashko today, many health care institutions are named. In Moscow, Road Clinical Hospital named after Semashko bears his name. It is run by Russian Railways.
Also a hospital to them. Semashko is in Kursk, Ulan-Ude, Baku, Samara, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Orsha. In honor of him are also called medical clinical centers and sanatoriums. Of great importance is the diagnostic center at Semashko. It is located in the Belarusian capital - Minsk. Consultation and Diagnostic Center on Semashko provides medical assistance in various fields. Conducts laboratory research, has modern laboratories, with the help of which it is possible to make diagnoses with enviable accuracy.