Currently, serious changes are being observed in domestic education. Mandatory at all levels of preschool and school education has been the involvement of the younger generation in design and research activities. This article presents the topics of research in physics available to modern adolescents.
Relevance of research
In the school physics course, several sections are considered, each of which is relevant in its own way. For example, the effect of electric current, studied in the 8th grade course, can be transferred to a separate project, in which the student compares the principle of operation of various mechanisms. In order to cover environmental aspects, work on this topic can be carried out taking into account the impact of different engines on human health and the environment. Below is a small fragment of the work, which examines the effect of electric current in an environmental aspect.
A fragment of the work “Impact of engines on the Earth’s atmosphere”
Due to the significant deterioration of the ecological situation on our planet, other energy sources are needed that do not emit carbon dioxide into the earth's atmosphere during the combustion process.
At the moment, there are several cars per family in a metropolis. Millions of vehicles move through city streets, traffic jams of many kilometers occur, expensive gasoline is wasted, and the content of organic poisons in the air rises. In large cities of the country, carbon monoxide emissions from transport are many times higher than emissions from production. The total power of gasoline engines in our country is much greater than the power of thermal power plants. The composition of the products of fuel combustion in vehicles contains many different substances. They contain hydrocarbons - not burnt or not completely burnt fuel parts, the amount of which increases when the engine is running at low speeds.
The danger is also presented by those situations when the car starts abruptly. It is at that moment when the driver presses the gas that 10 times more unburned substances are released than during engine operation in standard mode. Exhaust fumes adversely affect a person’s mental health. The relevance of the work is due to a systematic increase in the number of road transport, an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere. The future of the planet depends on how we relate to this issue.
Purpose and objectives of the work
It is supposed to identify the relationship between the type of engine and the environmental friendliness of the vehicle. What are the assigned tasks?
Tasks of work:
- analyze the main types of engines installed in vehicles;
- conduct a comparative analysis of the environmental friendliness of engine types.
Object of study: types of automobile engines.
Subject of research: environmental characteristics of various types of automobile engines.
It remains to highlight the hypothesis. Unlike the gasoline engine type, the electric car has high environmental characteristics. During its operation, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere does not increase.
The advantages of an electric motor
Many engineers consider electric engines to be vehicles with zero emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Its efficiency reaches 95%. For a gasoline engine, this figure does not exceed 60%. For an electric motor, transmission losses are not characteristic. Such a car does not need a gearbox, since the electric motor develops maximum torque immediately from the beginning of the movement. Electric cars have excellent traction.
Among the advantages, it is worth highlighting minor maintenance costs. As well as the operation of vehicles with an electric type of engine.
Due to the fact that the number of movable parts in the electric motor is much smaller than in the gasoline version, the engine is smooth, no noise is heard in it.
There is no need for mechanical brakes, and it is precisely in the process of braking that a significant amount of exhaust gas is released into the atmosphere. Electric cars do not have a negative effect on the human psyche, do not prevent people from breathing fully, and enjoying clean air.
The study of terrestrial electric currents is an important issue that may become a separate research topic.
Among the main disadvantages of the electric type of engine, it is worth noting the high cost of the vehicle. As well as lower mileage at one gas station.
"Remedy for depression"
Physics in a modern world has a special place. Thanks to this science, you can not only use devices and mechanisms, but also deal with stress. One of the topics that schoolchildren took for research may be the creation of a relaxing and calming fountain for teachers based on the physical laws of the world.
Such topics of research in physics are an excellent option for practicing theoretical knowledge in practice.
A fragment of the work "Fountain do it yourself"
Do you want to bring wildlife to the educational institution? Then install small room fountains on the tables of your teachers. Thanks to these unpretentious designs created by your own hands, you will bring harmony and peace to the professional activities of your mentors. In addition to the aesthetic appearance, the device made on its own will have practical significance, serve as an excellent humidifier in the classroom.
The force of gravity, gravity, the law of Pascal - these postulates of physics will help you make an excellent tool for your teachers to relax during breaks.
A desktop fountain is an opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge of molecular physics to a teacher. He will be a gift for the teacher, help him fight fatigue.
Project details
First of all, you need to decide on the design of the future fountain. For example, you can arm yourself with an old plastic bottle, medical droppers, a water tank. We chose the simplest (jet) type of nozzle to achieve optimal humidification in the classroom. The principle of operation of this device is based on the law of Pascal, which is studied in the physics class 7.
Water is poured under pressure in streams into a container. To ensure the circulation of the liquid, it is necessary to make the return of water into the original bottle. In addition to Pascal's law, the principle of action of communicating vessels was used in the work.
Important points
You can take other topics of research in physics. For example, a teacher can offer students an analysis of the effects of sound vibrations on human health. Such a project fits perfectly into the "Physics: Oscillations and Waves" section. In addition to studying the theory, children can conduct an anonymous opinion poll within the framework of the project, in which they learn the opinion of the population on this issue.
The topics of research work in physics, which the teacher offers his students, should be of interest to them. Carrying out his own experiments, the young physicist not only gets acquainted with important physical phenomena and laws, but also improves his communication skills.
Conclusion
Recently, the interest among the younger generation in specialties that are based on the exact sciences: physics and mathematics, has grown significantly. In many respects, this was the result of painstaking and systematic work carried out by school teachers. Teachers try to engage adolescents in design and research activities, while increasing cognitive interest in the subject.
Atomic and quantum physics, mechanics, optics - all these branches of physics can become the basis for their own experiments. GEF of the second generation, which is based on a personality-oriented approach to training, promotes the education of creative individuals who will become excellent nuclear engineers, designers of new spaceships, laser weapon testers, developers of innovative engines that are safe for the environment.
It is possible that the first projects made on the basis of a regular physics cabinet will become the basis for new achievements and discoveries. The success of the process of formation in the younger generation of creative thinking, an active civic position, social adaptation largely depends on the professionalism of the teacher himself, his dedication to the profession.