Nursing process in hypertension: stages, table

Hypertension is the result of a pathological condition of high blood pressure. This disease is considered quite common, while some people may not even be aware of it.

Features of hypertension

Symptoms of hypertension:

• frequent headaches;
• Dizziness
• decreased performance;
• increased irritability;
• memory impairment;
• feeling of weakness in the limbs.

Possible complications:

• myocardial infarction;
• brain stroke;
• renal failure;
• acute heart failure.

How is hypertension treated?

The goal of treating hypertension is to lower blood pressure. This is achieved by the following methods:

• the use of antihypertensive drugs ;
• getting rid of bad habits (for example, smoking, drinking alcohol);
• weight loss;
• a decrease in the amount of salt consumed in food;
• sports and massage treatments.

The treatment process is delayed for a long time. At the initial stages of the disease, the patient himself can adhere to the regimen established by the doctor, but there are times when planning for nursing care for hypertension is necessary.

What it is?

Nursing with hypertension is a specially organized way of providing medical care for each patient individually.

Functions of a nurse during the nursing process:

1. Providing the patient with care, which is as follows:

• creation of conditions for recovery;
• carrying out all hygiene and preventive procedures;
• help in the implementation of some of the patient's desires.

1. Carrying out the training of the patient and his relatives with the necessary skills that are aimed at maintaining the health of the patient.
2. Enhancing scientific knowledge and research activities with subsequent application in practice.
   

Stages of the nursing process in hypertension:

• service;
• diagnostics;
• identification of the purpose of nursing intervention;
• preparation of a care plan and its implementation;
• analysis of the results.

It should be borne in mind that the sister process with atherosclerosis of hypertension is especially relevant.

First stage

The goal of the first stage is to conduct a nursing examination, which involves the collection of subjective information, an objective analysis of the data and the psychosocial situation of the patient.

Stage 1 of the nursing process in hypertension is the nurse performing the following actions:

• building trust with the patient;
• receiving an answer to the question: “What does the patient expect as a result of the treatment?”;
• analysis of all the necessary information that will allow you to draw up the right patient care plan

Second phase

The purpose of the second stage is to identify all existing and potential problems of the patient with hypertension. The nursing process also includes the diagnosis of each of the complaints. The patient’s problems can be physiological and psychological in nature, therefore, for each of the complaints it is necessary to draw up a diagnosis.

Next, the nursing process in hypertension will be considered (a table of physiological problems and their diagnosis).

What else is the nursing process with hypertension? The table of psychological problems and their diagnosis plays an important role here.

Stage number 3

Goals, which include the nursing process for hypertension, help in drawing up an individual treatment plan.

The tasks are short-term, which are designed for one week and a little more, and long-term, continuing throughout the treatment.

To more accurately determine the goals of nursing intervention, it is necessary that the tasks meet the following criteria:

• reality and degree of achievement;
• urgency of implementation;
• patient participation in the discussion.

Before setting all the goals of the intervention, the nurse should identify:

• what functions the patient can perform independently;
• Is the patient amenable to self-care training?

Fourth stage

The goal of this stage is to draw up a plan of nursing intervention for treatment and its implementation.

The care plan is a table that includes the following items:

• the date;
• patient's problem;
• what result is expected;
• description of qualified assistance;
• the patient's response to a nursing intervention;
• date of goal achievement.

A plan may include several possible solutions to a problem. This ensures a high percentage of positive results.

The nurse must adhere to the following rules when implementing the plan:

• the developed plan should be implemented systematically;
• it is necessary to involve the patient himself and his relatives in the execution process;
• at the slightest change in the patient’s well-being or the appearance / exclusion of new complaints (symptoms), it is necessary to make changes to the plan;
• all planned procedures should be carried out clearly according to the algorithm.

Fifth stage

A competent analysis and assessment of the results of the work of nursing intervention is an important stage for the development of a further mode of life for a patient with hypertension.

During the assessment, you can get answers to the following questions:

• is there any progress in the prescribed treatment;
• whether the expected result is achieved;
• how effective is nursing intervention on each of the patient's problems;
• Is a review of the plan necessary?

For more accurate results, the final assessment is carried out by the same nurse who performed the initial examination of the patient. Assessing the appropriateness of treatment will be incomplete if the following rules have not been observed during nursing care:

• all nursing interventions (significant and minor) were not recorded;
• actions were not immediately documented;
• all deviations in the patient's condition from the norm were not noted;
• fuzzy terms were used;
• there are empty graphs in the plan.

And most importantly, as a result of nursing care, the patient should feel better, he and his family should learn the basic actions from the developed plan.