We, residents of city apartments, are not aware of how important the role played in the life of our distant ancestors of the wind. From what side of the world they blew, what weather they brought with them, the life of sea and land travelers sometimes depended. In the ancient and ancient times, people still did not know the natural reasons why sandstorms and hurricanes that destroy everything in their path suddenly arise. Therefore, the name of the winds among the Greeks and Romans was anthropomorphic. They were portrayed as winged mighty deities. The element does not know pity and mercy, therefore, the wind brothers, born, according to the beliefs of the Greeks, from the lord of the starry sky Astraeus and the goddess Dawn Eos, were cruel and masterful.
Especially the Greek sailors were afraid of gusty squalls from Thrace. Borea - that was the name of this north wind. The name of the long-haired and bearded fierce deity appears already in Homer's works “Iliad” and “Odyssey” (VIII century BC). Norov Boreya was not at all like his brothers Nota and Zephyr. He abducted the daughter of the Athenian king Orifia, who gave birth to him "Boread" - Kalaida and Zeta. And the ancient Romans tried to appease the sacrifices of the god of the cold wind Aquilon, blowing from the snowy Alps.
The name of the northern winds also appears in other nations. A little north of Greece and Rome, the deity of Boreas gradually transformed into a bora. Now we can give an explanation for the sudden and blowing from a few days to a week this icy whirlwind. In autumn, when the sea still stores summer heat, and the mountain peaks are already frozen, there is a big difference in atmospheric pressure. Cold avalanche masses roll down to the sea, carrying squalls, hurricanes and such cooling that ships on the windward side are surrounded by a three-meter thick crust of ice. Bora blows on the Adriatic and the Black Sea. She is especially fierce in Novorossiysk.
But not only sailors know the name of the north winds. Shepherds in the alpine valleys of Switzerland and France steal their herds in shelters before the approach of a biz. It is a cold and dry wind blowing from snowy peaks down. The nature of its origin is the same as that of bora. Mistral, which is sung in a romantic song, is similar to a biz. However, when this wind blows, people are not at all ready to go "far off". It is cold, choppy, brings dry and frosty weather. Residents of the Cote d'Azur much more like its opposite: the warm and also dry breeze from Arabia is sirocco. Cearce brings cold and rain to Occitania from the Bay of Biscay, and tramontana brings winter storms to the Mediterranean.
But what is the name of the northerly winds of the Russians? Yes, there are as many as five in the Baikal region. Also mentioned in the song is the barguzin, who is called to “rotate the shaft,” is a powerful and even northwest whirlwind. It is favorable for shipping. But sarma is a real hurricane that drives ice Arctic air masses directly from Yakutia at a speed of 80 m / s. There is also a verkhovik, night owl, chistyak and hvius. However, do not forget that the name of the northerly winds of not all peoples means the arrival of frost. For example, a harmatan who blows directly from the Sahara brings dry heat and clouds of red dust to the Guinean coast.