The southern seas are of great importance for the Russian Federation. Indeed, it is through these three water areas - Black, Azov and Caspian - that the state is connected with foreign countries.
All marine areas play an important role in the country's economy. Firstly, they perform many necessary functions, for example, in the transport and industrial fields. Secondly, the seas tend to attract tourists, which significantly increases the inflow of funds to the state treasury.
These water bodies are covered in the school course in sufficient volume, so you should prepare for the study. This article will help to get the basic knowledge that will be needed when making presentations or essays.
Brief description of the Black Sea
The Black Sea is the warmest among all reservoirs of the Russian Federation. It does not freeze, so you will not find icebergs here. Its greatest depth is 2245 meters. This southern sea is different in that there are no islands on it. The number of bays that belong to this water area reaches a minimum mark.
Unlike other southern seas of the Russian Federation, few fish inhabit the Black Sea. And the thing, most likely, is that the water is saturated with hydrogen sulfide. The main fisheries are mullet and mackerel. Also, the poor fish world can be caused by pollution by sewage.
The largest Russian Black Sea port is the beautiful city of Novorossiysk. Thanks to him, the main transportation of domestic oil to foreign countries is carried out.
Features of the Black Sea
The described southern sea (see photo above) is constantly exposed to fluctuations in water level. That is why it is not surprising that the fact that ancient archaeologists found ancient settlements. They remained buried at the bottom.
Water also has a specific feature. The fact is that it consists of two layers. The first has a thickness of 100 meters, which is well supplied with oxygen. And in the lower layer is a high content of hydrogen sulfide. At the bottom of the sea is almost a dead valley.
Sea of Azov
The second southern sea of the Russian Federation is the Sea of Azov. On the territory it is one of the smallest on the planet and at the same time the most shallow. Its maximum depth is 14 m. And on average - no more than 7 m. In summer, the water warms up well, and the temperature reaches +28 ° C. In winter, the Sea of Azov undergoes freezing.
Waters of the Sea of Azov
Through the narrow and shallow Kerch Strait, this southern sea in Russia exchanges waters with the Black. Due to favorable conditions, the described water area some time ago had a record number of fish. Basically they include the following: beluga, sturgeon, zander, bream, herring and carp. Due to the decrease in water surface (this is due to the frequent construction of reservoirs and a drop in water level), the described southern sea has become too salty and less productive.
Caspian Sea
The third southern sea of the Russian Federation is the Caspian. It, unlike the previous two, is a closed reservoir. In geographical terms, it is considered a lake. It has an oblong shape, stretched from north to south. Its length is 1200 km, and its width is on average 320 km.
Climate of the Caspian Sea
This southern sea is located in several climatic zones. In the north - in the continental, in the south - in the subtropical, in the central part - in the temperate. Dry winds often blow here. In winter, the air temperature ranges from -8 to +10 ° , in the summer - from +24 to +28 ° . From the Russian side (in the northern part), the sea is subjected to severe glaciation, the thickness of the ice is about 2 meters. Ice continues to stand for about 3 months.
Features of the water area
The Caspian Sea is rich in unique species of fish. The most valuable of them are herring, sprat, sturgeon, beluga, roach, common carp, stellate sturgeon, sterlet.
Special is the south sea. Where is it located? In a place where there is enough oil and gas deposits. Many people know about this, because it was thanks to this fact that the reservoir was famous. These oil deposits are discovered not only on the coasts, but also on the seabed. The main Russian deposits are located near borders with countries such as Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.
Water level fluctuations and consequences
The Caspian Sea is experiencing problems due to frequent fluctuations in water levels. After all, the result is flooding of nearby settlements and agricultural land, the destruction of sea piers, industrial and port structures. Therefore, fishing villages are forcibly transferred to other territories, there is a constant redevelopment of coastal cities. What are such Caspian fluctuations connected with? Experts believe that the matter is in the relief and climatic conditions.