Political rights is a concept that is often used in an abstract sense. It correlates with justice, ethical correctness, or harmony with a principle such as the rule of law or moral imperatives. In a specific, legal sense, they mean the ability, privilege, and even the requirement of a particular person to fulfill what he can claim by virtue of a law guaranteed by the state. Each such individual right is associated with a corresponding obligation. For example, if someone is the owner of the house, this means that other people must not invade there without permission.
Although people have rights by virtue of their belonging to the form of homo sapiens, political rights have their own specifics. As a rule, every citizen of a state possesses them. Among them are actually civil rights. This is, above all, the ability to own property, marry, be protected by law, have the freedom to enter into contracts, speak and testify in court, and so on. As for political freedoms, they are most often directly or indirectly associated with the administration of power or management. An example is the right to citizenship, to vote, to elect and be elected, to participate in the political life of the state.
Most often, the political rights of citizens are fixed in the Constitutions of various countries. They are absolute and relative. Absolute norms can be divided into three major categories. First of all, these are the standards of personal security that a state must ensure for a person - this means that he should be calm for his life, for the integrity of his body and body, for his health and reputation among other people. In addition, these are the rights to personal freedom - people can move around the country as they wish, change their place of residence, and so on - unless it is somehow legally restricted. And finally, people can freely dispose of their possessions or acquisitions outside any external control (again, with the exception of the lawful one).
Relative rights are divided into private and public. These political rights can exist in the context of relations between the state and the people (since the first must guarantee the freedom and security of the second, and the people must identify a certain responsibility for the normal functioning of the state). Next is the sphere of family relations, where the mutual rights and obligations of the wife and husband, children and parents, other relatives, as well as guardians and wards are determined. Thus, if many basic standards, including personal rights, belong to each person, this category is related to those people who have citizenship.
This specificity does not mean that political rights are any secondary or derivative and are inferior to other natural norms, inalienable and inalienable from human being. The fact is that, by their nature, they are not provided by the state, and are not established by it, but are only guaranteed, protected and respected. Therefore, it cannot be said that these rights can be taken away. Authorities and the law may also restrict the exercise of such freedoms if citizens do not fulfill certain duties. The right to freedom, for example, may be limited if a person violates the freedom of other people or is a participant in various criminal acts.
The political rights and freedoms of man and citizen had a long history before they became respected and universally recognized principles. For a long time, people fought for their implementation, however, their full awareness and recognition as norms necessary for a normal and dignified life came only with the onset of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Historically, the first such standards were the fact that many European states were forced to accept the presence in their countries of religious minority dissidents, who believed differently than the majority of the population, and pledged not only not to persecute them, but even to protect them from attacks. This legislative restriction of discrimination has generated the entire process of codification and respect for other rights.