The general concept of human rights implies, first of all, the existence in each person of a certain complex of natural, that is, given by nature itself, rights and properties. But human obligations are already a consequence of the established institution of rights and freedoms. The fact that a person exists, was born and lives in this world is sufficient for the emergence of rights. And countries at the highest stage of their development guarantee that rights and freedoms will be respected and protected.
It is in the name of achieving this main goal that the people themselves created the institution of state and state power. Man and the state are the cornerstone of all legal science and the philosophy of law, as well as the foundation of the social sphere. It is for the protection of their citizens, their interests and happiness, that democratic states exist today. And the highest authority should remember that it is on this that the success and prosperity of a whole large organism - society and country - depends.
How did the basic responsibilities of man and citizen
Fundamental human rights have been formulated for a long time, and they were called "natural rights". But, interestingly, at the same time in nature, that is, in the natural environment, a person will be left to their own devices and has absolutely nothing but self-defense. Human rights, freedoms and obligations of a person arise, or, better said, can arise only under the condition of the existence of a certain organization or community. Without the patronage of society, in the wild, a person is obliged every minute to protect any of his natural rights on his own, starting with his own life. It is for this main purpose that society has historically begun to take shape. Perhaps it does not always, not everywhere, and does not fully fulfill its main function, but today mankind has not yet come up with another more effective institution. So, getting something from the state, namely their security, a person, in turn, must offer something in return. It was this return that formed the basis of such a concept as “the basic duties of man and citizen” in front of the country that guarantees him protection.
So what are “human rights”?
If you look in general and without complex definitions, our fundamental rights are precisely what cannot be taken away from us or what cannot be denied. This is a kind of non-material part of ourselves only because we were born as humans. How and who uses this reality is another question. The task of the state and its institutions is to protect these natural and inherent in each given. The constitutional rights, freedoms and duties of a person are not just a random set and amorphous combination of rules, but represent a coherent system that, with its regulatory influence, covers all the most important and essential spheres of human life and activity. This includes the social, political, economic, as well as the development of personal physical and spiritual qualities.
Hierarchy of fundamental human rights
The right to life for a democratic world is the first and foremost human right. Under no circumstances and no one in the whole world can take the life of another person. The only exception may be considered to be self-defense during an attack, because in this case it is the protection of your personal main right to life. And even then one must have the willpower and soberly assess the situation if the threat is really real, and there was an attempt on life, and not on anything else. In all other cases, responsibility arises and the measure of punishment is determined. The right to life follows a series of other personal and inalienable rights for everyone. Human rights and obligations are enshrined in the fundamental law of any state. They are represented not only by personal, or natural, but also political, social, as well as socio-economic and socio-cultural rights and freedoms.
Relationship of Rights with Obligations
So, a person receives state protection and is free to act without worrying about his own life and receiving a number of other opportunities. But having freedom in one, it just so happened, we infringe upon ourselves in the other, if necessary. In other words, every right received from the state and its protection entails the imposition of a certain obligation on a person. Thus, human rights and obligations are constantly intertwined. In a sense, entrusting the state with its own protection, a person agrees to some alliance with this state and becomes his citizen. And now a citizen bears obligations to his country, which consist of assistance and direct participation in the affairs of the state. For example, the payment of mandatory taxes, service in the armed forces, etc.
Communication of citizens with the state
Given the nature of the direct relationship with the state, there are also features in the protected rights of their citizens. As you know, the happiness of each of us depends on the well-being and success of everything that surrounds us. This also applies to the whole state. The freedom and prosperity of a country entails the well-being of its citizens and a sense of greater freedom for each individual. Only a country in which most of its citizens live in abundance, and not on the verge of poverty, will be rich. Otherwise, such a country will not be able to exist for a long time. And history very clearly demonstrates this trend. The connection of a person with the state arises with birth. There is an opportunity to change citizenship, but it is not publicly available and requires the observance of a whole procedure and the fulfillment of a number of requirements. The institution of citizenship is a rather complex mechanism, and it requires a separate topic for research.
Human Responsibilities in the State and Society
Quite often today they talk about rights, but for some reason they often don’t mention obligations in detail. But you must admit that it is the fulfillment of their duties by each citizen that is the only way to guarantee the non-violation of the rights of other individuals. Recently, slogans have been heard from everywhere that "everyone has the right." But somewhere these rights must end, otherwise one bowl will drop, and the delicate balance of the harmony of society will be upset. And human rights end where the rights of his fellow citizens begin. And it turns out that the larger the community, the less freedom for anything. Personal space closes on the individual himself. But the duties in relation to the observance of the rights of others, as well as the fulfillment of their civic duties in a developed large state, are growing rapidly. So it turns out now that the duties of a man in the Russian Federation make people complain about their own lives, but the feeling that the country cares for everyone, protecting its interests and basic needs, for some reason, is slowly fading away. Sometimes a wave of patriotism eliminates this feeling, but the course of life raises these questions again and again.
The first principle of constitutional protection
The constitutional duties of a person are not just a measure of necessary, but mandatory behavior. And in a civil society, where the constitutional rights of citizens are in force , each member must abide by his duties in the name of the normal functioning of other subjects of this society. And in relation to rights, human obligations are logical and binding analogues of the individual rights and freedoms. Therefore, in other words, if one has the right to personal self-realization, then the other has the same right. And these boundaries cannot be violated. This principle is very similar to a moral law - always do with other people the way you would like to be treated with you. Failure to comply with this law entails the emergence of a whole series of difficulties and even tragedies that we can daily observe not only in the news, but also in our everyday life.
What determines the scope of rights and obligations?
The scope of the rights and immediate duties of each depends on a number of factors. For example, on the availability of citizenship, age and gender of a person, characteristics of his health and working conditions. The rights and obligations of citizens of Russia should not have exceptions here. The more is required of a person, the more he has and the higher he occupies a position in society. Thus, civil society officials always have more responsibilities than ordinary citizens. But the rights and opportunities of a public servant have far less than an ordinary person. This applies to free movement, the right to own material assets and so on. That is, this principle can also be expressed in such a way that a simple person can do everything that is not directly prohibited by law in this state. But the official has no right to do anything that is not directly prescribed for him in the law. Failure to comply with this principle always entails an increase in corruption, usurpation of power, violation of laws and the rights of ordinary citizens.
State guarantees in the protection of citizens
Another important point in the topic discussed here is the mechanism by which a person protects his rights and freedoms. This is a legal mechanism for the interaction of the holder of rights and freedoms with the relevant state body. Since the main goal of a developed state today is to uphold the rights of its citizens, the constitutional-legal mechanism of protection is a whole system of state power, the function of which is not just to observe, but also to protect the rights of citizens according to the prescribed procedure for such protection, as well as to provide everyone with the right to such protection. Articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation contain a whole system of guarantees of fundamental rights and common freedoms, both universal and civil. All this is a system of norms, principles, conditions and requirements, which together ensure the observance of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the parties involved.
A few strokes of the story. First was the word
In different eras of history, all states existed, and still exist, various sets of statutory rights and freedoms for their people. The most striking example for understanding is the position of women in society, both in the historical context and in comparison with Islamic states today. The modern model of understanding the equality of all citizens in a democratic state begins to take shape in Europe during the revolutions of the 17th-18th centuries. At the same time, human obligations undergo their metamorphoses. Religious understanding is gradually replaced by ethical and even philosophical. The work of philosophers and scientists, who later formed the framework of political and legal doctrines, laid the foundation for the universality and supremacy of human rights over the state, power, and all other possible interests of individuals, as well as ideologies.
Implementation of the idea
But so far, these were just words. The civilized world felt the need to translate these words after surviving the Second World War. The adoption of a number of international conventions, agreements and covenants, the emergence of international organizations to protect the established rules laid the foundation for the practical implementation of the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens.
The history of the second half of the twentieth century radically changed understanding and attitude to these and similar issues. But this path has turned out to be so complicated that the achievement of success and the recognition of natural human rights still continues to cause misunderstanding, conflicts and even an open struggle in the political arena. And human responsibilities, as already described above, are directly related to this. Indeed, the adoption and even signing of conventions for the protection of human rights is not yet a guarantee that these standards will be respected in the given state from the same day. And to bring an understanding of the principles to every citizen was also not the easiest thing. And in circles where power and money rule, it was even more difficult to convey bright truths about the protection of a simple person and his personal sphere. Such are the realities of our being.
Constitutional rights and duties of citizens of Russia
Constitutional rights are the highest personal rights of everyone. They are a small, but the main part of all the rights that the state undertakes to protect in relation to its citizens and people in general. Each country defines a set of such rights for itself individually. But it is from them that one can judge the measure of democracy and the development of this state. The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes all the basic, generally accepted and distinguished by legal science as mandatory rights and freedoms. Deepening in certain areas of the rights and freedoms of citizens is already fixed in the general provisions of the relevant branches of legislation. Detailed explanations and procedural issues are also published in many by-laws.
What duties are attributed to citizens of the Russian Federation?
The constitutional obligations of a person are again the norms of law enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the measure of not just possible, but the proper behavior of every person who lives and acts in this society. It is better to get acquainted with them directly through the normative act, but for a general understanding it is enough to mention the main ones: the obligation to comply with the articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to respect and not violate the rights and freedoms of other citizens. Generally binding on citizens is the protection of their country, as well as the payment of taxes and all types of fees for any person engaged in certain types of activities in the state or in connection with it. The constitutional obligations also include responsibilities in the social sphere: the need to have at least a basic general education, to comply with the requirements for the protection of nature, the environment, and the historical and cultural heritage of society. Particular attention is paid in the main law to the care of children and disabled citizens. If each member of the society will remember what he should do, and only then - what he has the right to, society will only benefit from this and will flourish.