Airplane fuel consumption is one of the important indicators of the effective operation of mechanisms. Each model consumes its own quantity, refuellers calculate this parameter so that the airliner is not overloaded. Various factors are considered before allowing departure: flight range, availability of alternate aerodromes, weather conditions of the route.
Main technical parameters
From the first flight to modern models, thousands of different military, cargo, and passenger aircraft were created. Time and technological progress make them constantly improve, occupy a worthy niche of the air fleet. In any period of development, the designers had the task to reduce the fuel consumption of the aircraft so that it was cost-effective in operation and in demand on the market. For calculation, take 3 main parameters, fix the value:
- Sentinel
- kilometer;
- specific.
The cost of the entire flight and the company's costs of servicing an expensive mechanism depend on how much money is spent on refueling.
Hourly characteristic
The hourly fuel consumption of an airplane includes the use of resources for every hour in flight. At cruising speeds, passengers are delivered. Therefore, 2 basic values are needed: maximum payload and cruising speed. As a fixed determinant, according to which you can load the liner, take 60% of the maximum to ensure safety and provide additional weight. The units are kilograms per hour of flight.
Allowed commercial download is the total weight:
- Passenger
- luggage;
- machinery, instruments, equipment.
For the average value, the calculators take within 10 thousand kg per hour of flight.
Kilometer calculation
The fuel consumption of aircraft by kilometer indicators is measured by the cost per unit of flight range. The same measurements are taken into account: cruising speed and maximum payload. Definitions are required to find out the least cost. In this case, the units of measure are kilograms of weight per kilometer span.
Specific value
What fuel consumption of an airplane in terms of specific indicator is determined by the unit of time or distance in relation to thrust or its engine power.
Units:
- by weight or volume of fuel - in kilograms or liters;
- by time and distance of movement - in hours and kilometers;
- engine power - in horsepower or kilogram forces.
This technical indicator shows fuel efficiency, it allows you to find out which of the liners is able to carry cargo with a minimum amount of kerosene. Determining the fuel consumption of a passenger plane, they take the spent fuel per kilometer of the flight to the number of citizens who entered the cabin.
What indicators affect savings?
Every time air transport is sent to flight, technicians consider all factors. They have a number of tasks:
- refuel the liner to a minimum;
- rid people of threats;
- save the car;
- create savings.
To do this, determine the factors that affect the fuel consumption of a Boeing aircraft or domestic transport:
- cruising speed;
- mass of the whole mechanism;
- commercial download;
- weather;
- number of motor devices;
- screw, jet, combined type of engine;
- apparatus design.
The complex work is performed by a team of professional technicians, engineers.
The main parameters of the Boeing 737
From the history of the development of aircraft, the Boeing 737 has 4 generations of different technical characteristics. The following liners are included in this family:
- The original.
- Classic.
- Called simply the next generation.
- Max - new developments, they are going to replace obsolete models.
Fuel consumption of the Boeing 737-300:
- fuel efficiency - 22.50 g / pass. km
- by hourly expenses - 2.40 thousand kg / h.
Boeing 737-400:
- fuel efficiency - 20.9 g / pass. km;
- hourly consumption - 2.6 thousand kg / h.
The salient features of this passenger aircraft are:
- passenger seats - 114;
- cargo tonnage - 2.4 tons
Flight Data Parameters:
- 793 km / h - cruising speed value.
- 52,800 kg is the maximum take-off weight.
- 10058 m - the device rises to this height.
- 2518 km - moves with a similar range.
- 276 km / h - takes off at that speed.
Leading Boeing specialists are working on the design of an air vehicle that will replace the entire 737 family.
Who is calculating
For refueling airliners, special oil fractions are used, they are called jet fuel, or aviation fuel. To calculate the required number for a specific flight, a narrow circle of specialists is involved, only they know the formulas for each model.
The calculation follows the following scheme:
- take the mass of aviation gasoline, which will be required to fly from city M to city D with a payload C;
- record the amount of fuel required when moving from the city D to the alternate aerodrome site located at the maximum distance according to the flight plan;
- kerosene consumption during additional flights during landing;
- add 6% to this volume of fuel for reserve storage.
In the event of an emergency landing, the aircraft must dump the rest of the kerosene so that there will be no ignition from a large amount of flammable substance from the impact.
As a conclusion, we can summarize:
- the most responsible, old and urgent task in creating the design of the aircraft is its fuel consumption;
- fuel efficiency is characterized by three indicators: hourly, kilometer, unit cost of resources;
- fuel costs are not exact values, they are influenced by external and internal factors;
- Specific and hourly power varies for each liner in different ranges.
The calculation of aviation kerosene is carried out by specialists from technical personnel, separately for each aircraft in front of its route they apply formulas developed for specific airliners. The result obtained is increased so that there is always a margin. For long flights there is a special refueling in the air. Freight tankers fly to a point to carry out scrupulous, responsible work at a calculated height.