The Republic of Tuva is an autonomous subject of the Russian Federation. It is part of the Siberian district. The heart is considered to be the city of Kyzyl. Today Tuva represents 2 regional and 17 municipal districts. In total, there are more than 120 settlements and 5 cities in the republic.
Formation of autonomy
The history of the Republic of Tuva originates in the first millennium BC. e. In those immemorial times, Indo-European nomads lived in the region. Soon, in their place came the tribes of Türks. The first state system was born closer to the III century BC. e. Its creators were the people of the Donlins. It was they who built the first communities in southern Siberia.
Since 1914, the district was called Tuva. He was part of the Yenisei province under the protectorate of Russia. At that time, the capital of the republic was the settlement of Belotsarsk. Later it was renamed the city of Kyzyl. Over time, Tuva acquired its own state symbols and anthem, budget, and government as part of the USSR.
In 1993, according to the constitution, the republic was renamed Tuva. From that moment on, the county received complete autonomy. Now the territorial authorities had the right to decide questions of peace and war, establish their own judicial system, and conduct prosecutorial oversight. In turn, the capital of the Republic of Tuva has become the economic center of the entire region.
In 2006, a number of regional deputies sent a letter to the President of Russia asking them to remove the head of the republic from their activities. The answer to such a request was the exclusion of politicians from all party associations of the country. Such measures were aimed at stabilizing the situation in the Republic of Tuva. In 2010, local citizenship was abolished.
"Red" capital
The center of the Autonomous Okrug is the modern and beautiful city of Kyzyl. The Republic of Tuva is notable for many aspects, but its capital is considered the main one. The word "kyzyl" in translation from Turkic means "red". This city is rightfully recognized as the main attraction of the republic.
It is located between the mouths of the Yenisei River in the Tuva Basin. However, for millions of tourists, the capital is noteworthy for a completely different reason. Experts have calculated that the city of Kyzyl is just the geographical center of Asia .
The Republic of Tuva is located in the time zone UTC +7: 00. Regarding Moscow, time is shifted 4 hours ahead. The climate in the capital is dry, there is practically no wind. The whole reason is the location of Kyzyl - the hollow. Winters are not snowy, but severe (up to -52 degrees). There is no spring as such. Meteorological summer begins in May. June-July - the time for hurricanes and strong dust storms. Heavy rains come only in August. The first frosts are observed already in September.
Today's capital of the Republic of Tuva consists of many microdistricts. They are divided by economic and geographical features. These are such micro-districts as “Central”, “Yuzhny”, “Pravoberezhny”, “Gorny”, “Sputnik”, “Stroitel” and others. Also, the capital of the Republic of Tyva is notable for the fact that it has its own heat and power plant.
Geography of the region
The territory of the Autonomous Okrug extends over an area of almost 170 thousand square meters. km Located in the southeastern region of Siberia. It has common borders with Mongolia, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk Region, Altai Republics and Khakassia.
The largest lake was called Ubsu-Nur. Located in the South Mongolian Basin.
Almost the entire region is represented by mountainous terrain. The capital of the Republic of Tuva is located at the lowest point of the platform. According to Russian theologians, more than 80% of the Autonomous Okrug’s territory is mountains, and only 20% are plains and steppes. The eastern and northern borders of the republic are closed by ridges up to 3 km in height. Most of the relief is occupied by the Sayan mountains and the Derby-Taiga plateau.
In Tyva there are immediately 16 extinct volcanoes. The highest point in the region is Mount Mongun Taiga - 3976 meters. It belongs to the Altai system of ranges.
Natural features
There are dozens of natural monuments, reserves and reserves in Tuva . The Ubsunur Basin has long been included in the list of natural and cultural heritage of UNESCO. It is notable for the fact that it has the largest freshwater basin in Asia. The total area of the water area extends to 1.07 million hectares. The pool is simultaneously protected by the Russian Federation, the Mongolian authorities, and UNESCO representatives.
The flora and fauna of the region is extremely rich in rare species. The reason for this is a suitable taiga landscape. Snow leopards, Sayan squirrels, wolverines, ermines, lynxes, and wild goats live on the slopes of the mountains . In the lower reaches you can often find sables, bears, deer, wolves.
It is worth noting that in the steppe lands hunting is allowed for any animals except leopards.
Climate and geology of Tyva
Summer in the region is moderate. In the mountains, the weather is warm, in the basins - sultry and dry. In winter, the temperature often reaches -40 degrees. Little snow falls, there are no snowdrifts due to lack of wind.
In summer, the temperature varies from +25 to +35 degrees. At the end of the season there is a sharp change in weather conditions. Often strong winds combine in a single cyclical gust, forming powerful hurricanes. The most optimal time of the year for a vacation is May and the beginning of September.
Soil in some places in the region does not have time to move away from permafrost. Mountain taiga and chestnut soils prevail. Hollows and mountains are covered with steppe vegetation.
The Republic of Tuva is recognized as a seismic hazardous area. Strong earthquakes occur here almost every year. In 2011, powerful shocks of 9.5 points were recorded 100 kilometers from Kyzyl. Due to the cataclysm, thousands of residents of villages and cities were left without electricity. The number of victims was estimated by hundreds. The last serious earthquake was observed in the republic in February 2012.
Cultural heritage
Indigenous Tuvans still revere the traditions of ancient nomads. The reason for this is the relative estrangement of the region from other subjects of the Russian Federation. The fact is that in Tuva there is no established system of the railway industry. In addition, the republic is surrounded by mountain ranges and ponds. That is why in some areas whole nomadic farms have been preserved. Otherwise, local residents are engaged in livestock farming and hunting.
The religion of the native Tuvans is called Lamaism. This is a combination of the spiritual component of Buddhism with elements of shamanism. In 1992, the Dalai Lama XIV himself paid a long visit to Kyzyl. It is worth noting that the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tuva is closely following the cultural development of its younger generation. At all levels of education, young Tuvans get acquainted with the traditions of their ancestors in order to subsequently continue their work.
The main dwellings of rural residents are still yurts. Also, commitment to only national cuisine is pronounced. Among the cultural heritage, throat singing, products from agalmatolith, horse racing, wrestling in the Huresh style and much more than the Republic of Tyva are rich in should be noted.
County population
The first census was conducted back in 1959. At that time, the population was about 172 thousand people. Of these, 57% were Tuvans, 40% were Russians, and the rest were less than 3%.
The most densely populated city is Kyzyl - about 114 thousand inhabitants. The total demographic population of the republic as of 2015 is 314 thousand people. At the same time, the urban population is almost 54%.
Today Tuva is a multinational region. Tuvans, Russians, Ukrainians, Khakasses, Armenians, Tatars, Kyrgyz, Buryats, and other peoples live here.
Republic Economy
The main industry of the region is mining of rocks: non-ferrous metals, coal, asbestos and other minerals. It is to this sphere of activity that the Government of the Republic of Tuva directs all efforts to attract investors. One of the most important sectors of the regional economy is the forestry and food industries.
Agricultural land is about one and a half thousand hectares. Agriculture here is not well developed, but cattle breeding is flourishing.
Another important industry is tourism. Tuva attracts visitors with a slice of several historical heritage. One of them is the “Main Temple” located in the Khemchik Valley.
Authorities
The Government of the Republic of Tuva combines both legislative and executive activities. Since 2007, its chairman has been Sholban Kara-ool (see photo on the left).
The
government consists of dozens of government bodies: the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tuva, the Ministry of Economic Development, Culture, Social Policy, Finance, Economics, Health, various services, state committees and agencies. The scope of the apparatus extends to targeted programs, legislation, strategic documents.
A separate authority is the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tuva. Since 2012, its chairman is Vladimir Azhi. The Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tuva includes two members: by decision of civil offenses and administrative. The apparatus employs 35
civil servants.