Before the final exams, many students experience stress. One reason is the need to write a statement. The reason is the inability to formulate one’s thought. Can anyone learn this? Yes, and in this article we will consider what a concise exposition of the GIA is, how to write it and at the same time avoid typical mistakes.
What is a statement?
An exposition is a creative type of work in which students read a text and, depending on the assignment, must retell it in writing.
The main purpose of the presentation is to develop spelling and styling skills.
How to write a statement? All work is divided into 4 stages:
the teacher reads the text twice;
students draft in draft;
after the second reading, they write a draft version of the statement;
students check the text for errors, and if everything is correct, rewrite everything in white.
What is the presentation?
Before you learn how to write the statement correctly , you need to find out what it happens.
verbose - the text is retold while maintaining the sequence of events and actions.
concise - retelling of the main points of the text.
selective - a statement of certain points in the text associated with a particular character or action.
How to write a statement?
Depending on the type, the approach to writing the presentation will differ. So how do they write the statement?
In a detailed written retelling, the following steps should be followed:
highlight the main idea from the text ;
determine the writing style - artistic, journalistic, conversational, scientific.
think over the genre of future presentation - description, reasoning, narration.
to think over the sequence of retelling and write it on one person.
When writing a concise account, the following steps should be followed:
split the text into several parts;
to select sentences with semantic load from them;
exclude material that does not affect the overall meaning of the story.
When writing sample statements, you need to retell the text on assignment.
In all cases, it is possible to use methods of replacement, exclusion, and merging, but most of all they are used when writing a concise statement. How to write a summary in a concise form?
Replacement involves replacing individual words with common words. For example, “men and women” - to “people”, “students and pupils” - to “children” or “schoolchildren”.
The exception involves the compression of the text due to getting rid of lexical repetitions, homogeneous members and sentences that carry less semantic load. For example, the sentence “Every loyal and loving resident of the city came to the defense of his native walls” can be reduced to the sentence: “Each resident came to the defense of the city”.
Merging involves combining two complex sentences into one complex. For example, these two complex sentences can be combined into one: “A person who works long and hard on his goal will achieve it sooner or later, despite the opinions of those around him. To do this, he must believe in himself and go to the dream, despite the obstacles. " The result of the association: “Only faith in oneself and hard work will lead a person to the goal, despite the opinions of others and obstacles.”
How to write a presentation of the GIA?
Writing a presentation is required at the final exam in grade 9. It differs from the usual presentation in that students listen to an audio recording. Such an innovation appeared in 2014. This fact has affected the quality of work, which has noticeably worsened. The deterioration in the quality of work was explained by the fact that the teacher, reading out the text, focused on the average student and emphasized important points, and in the recording the announcer reads the text very quickly, depersonalizing it. So, how to write a statement of the GIA 2014? You can focus on the following tips:
when listening to the text for the first time, try to understand its main idea, while taking notes for theses and the future plan.
try mentally retelling the text according to plan;
during the second listening, add the missing information to the recordings;
start writing a draft version of the presentation;
break the written text into paragraphs and count the number of words in each;
count the number of words received and, if there are less than 70, then increase the text by adding adjectives, participles, participles, replacing pronouns with nouns;
check the text for errors and if there are no errors, carefully rewrite the text on the checklist.
How do you write the presentation of the GIA? The basic requirements for it are a minimum of 70 words, it should consist of 3 paragraphs.
How to avoid common mistakes?
When writing a presentation, a student may experience typical errors:
How to write a presentation in Russian to avoid these errors?
Speech errors are divided into mechanical (typos) and regulatory. With the first you just need to be careful and check the text before submitting. The technique used in the printing business will help here: to read the text from the bottom up - this way the thoughts will focus on errors, not content. The second type of error is more difficult, because here you need to know the norms of the language.
Spelling errors occur if the student does not know the correct spelling of the word. For example, “SORRY” instead of “SORRY”. To avoid them, you need to create a rich vocabulary by reading as much fiction and periodicals as possible, and write vocabulary dictations. To do this, you can record a series of words with pauses on the recorder and write them, and write words with errors in a row.
The reason for syntax errors is the use of words in an unusual meaning and in case of inconsistency. For example, the sentence “We often saw Svetlana and talked to Svetlana every time” can be replaced by “We often saw Svetlana and talked to her.”
Under stylistic errors understand the distortion of the meaning of the text. To avoid this, you must observe the word order in the sentence and coordinate the secondary members of the sentence with words dependent on them.
Under the incorrect transfer of material and logical errors understand the distortion of the meaning of the text and incorrect argumentation. The reason is the student’s misunderstanding of the text. To avoid this error, you need to ask questions: what is the text about, what did the author want to say, what arguments in the text confirm this conjecture, does the student agree with the author’s thought.
How to teach a child to write a statement: recommendations
Writing skills are not formed on the eve of the exam. Preparation for it needs to be started in advance - a month, six months or earlier, depending on the level of preparation of the child. Then, in the exam, the student will not have a question how to write statements in Russian.
Teach your child to shorten words and use shorthand signs;
Find examples of GIA audio texts and write on them the statements from the above plan;
write dictionary dictations.
How to write the statement correctly? The answer to the question is periodic practice, and even the most difficult task can be completed without problems.