Multifunctionality is a term that appeared in domestic preschool pedagogy after the introduction of federal educational standards of the second generation. By it is meant the sum of the sanitary-technical, material, pedagogical, psychological conditions that ensure the organization of children's lives.
Term specificity
The multifunctionality of the environment in preschool education is the main task of preschool education. It allows the teacher to discover the personality of the child’s personality, to select the means and methods of developing his talent. That is why, within the framework of the GEF, special attention in the kindergarten began to be given to the full-fledged construction of the environment used for teaching and self-development of the creative potential of young Russians.
The purpose of preschool education
The multifunctionality of the environment in the pre-school educational institution according to the Federal State Educational Standard determines the main goal that the teacher sets in his work. He must construct a multifunctional multilevel developmental and subject environment, thanks to which the development of the child will occur at each stage in the DOE. In his work, the educator is guided by regulatory documents recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
Environmental significance
The principle of multifunctionality involves taking into account the age characteristics of preschoolers. In the educational space, special gaming, expendable, technical equipment, sports equipment are used, innovative educational and educational methods are used.
The multifunctionality of the materials involves the active involvement of children of middle and older preschool age in design and research activities. The guys get the opportunity to conduct experiments, explain the phenomena seen. Special attention is paid to the development of fine motor skills, physical activity, outdoor games, competitions.
Transformability of space
Its essence is the possibility of adjusting the subject-spatial environment, taking into account the existing educational situation. Depending on how the interests and abilities of the kids change, the teacher changes the educational and educational methods.
Specificity
The multifunctionality of materials allows teachers of preschool institutions to use different components of the subject environment:
- soft modules;
- mats;
- furniture elements;
- portable screens.
Such items do not have a hard fixation method, they can be moved around the group space, which is convenient for outdoor games, sports, and creative events.
The multifunctionality of the environment allows the use of natural materials that are safe for babies for various types of children's activity.
Variability
Multifunctionality is an important property, without it it is impossible to talk about the implementation of new federal standards introduced in pre-school domestic education.
Due to its variability, in the preschool educational institution it is possible to organize different spaces for active games, modeling and construction. The teacher changes games, materials, equipment, providing the needs of children.
At certain intervals, the teacher changes subjects, stimulating the cognitive, motor, game, research activity of preschoolers.
Availability
Multifunctionality is not only a change of subjects and areas of activity, but also ensuring the accessibility of the environment for all pupils, including children with disabilities. GEF of the new generation obliges all pre-school institutions of the Russian Federation to guarantee free access to toys, manuals, materials, not only healthy kids, but also those children who have problems with it.
Security
We have already noted that multifunctionality is the multifaceted nature of upbringing and educational opportunities in preschool institutions for children. At the same time, questions regarding the security of the subject-spatial environment cannot be ignored. Outdoor games, elements used in project, research activities should not pose a threat to children's health.
Functions
Let us consider in more detail the term "multifunctionality". The meaning of the word implies a combination of several functions of the subject-development environment:
- The informational role is characterized by the fact that any subject contains information about the world, therefore it is considered as a means of transmitting social experience.
- The stimulating function requires dynamism and mobility. When organizing it, the teacher of a preschool educational institution takes into account the individual, age-related characteristics of each child, his interests, intellectual and creative abilities.
- The developing role is the combination of classic and innovative components, which ensure the transition from simple forms to complex tasks.
Such an environment should be attractive to children, act as a natural element of a child’s life. With the proper organization of the subject-developing space, preschool children are relieved of fatigue, positive emotions arise.
Depending on the age characteristics of the kids, the teacher changes the space. For example, for three years of age, free space is important for outdoor games: jumping, skating, climbing. In the fourth year of the baby’s life, they are interested in role-playing and plot games that are associated with attributes: a doctor’s robe, a policeman’s uniform. At the senior preschool age, children show interest in peers, study relationships, and receive their first social experience.
The organization of the pedagogical process in a preschool educational institution implies complete freedom of movement of children in the building, not limited to the scope of the group room.
GEF contain recommendations according to which, for children, various premises of the DOU become accessible: a sports hall, a music cabinet, creative workshops. Such an approach contributes to the formation of social mobility among the younger generation .
Older preschool children receive orientation skills in space, which allows them to go through the process of adaptation at school without any problems.
For spacious preschool institutions, you can think about creating separate places for self-training of children outside the group, for example, in the locker room, in the bedroom. Such an innovative approach promotes emotional emancipation, the formation of self-confidence. A significant role in the formation of a harmonious personality of preschool children belongs to art, therefore, in the federal educational standards of the new generation introduced into the system of domestic preschool education, special attention is paid to the allocation of hours in the curriculum of preschool education for decorative, applied and visual art.
Conclusion
From early childhood, beautiful murals, graphics, handicrafts, paintings remain in the feelings and consciousness of children. With their help, the development of moral and volitional qualities takes place, thinking is formed, prerequisites for a respectful attitude to one's roots, cultural heritage appear.
The subject-spatial environment is organized in a preschool institution on the principle of insignificant spaces, which helps to avoid excessive crowding of babies. Toys and materials are placed in the kindergarten so that they do not interfere with the free movement of the kids, allowing them to play with their peers.
Teachers pay special attention to highlighting the “privacy corners” using mobile screens. Inside this space, a small rack with outdoor games, books is installed to provide leisure for a secluded preschool child. Here, the kid will not only read, design, draw, but also be able to dream, think, step back from the hustle and bustle.
In each group of preschool educational institutions, multifunctional corners are created that allow you to solve several educational tasks at once.
For example, in one part the “center of knowledge” is distinguished. It is intended for research and cognitive activity, here are logical and educational games, cubes with letters, kits for young experimental chemists.
The “Center for Creativity” solves the problem of activating the creative abilities of kids: theatrical, directorial, musical, artistic and speech. It is in this corner of the DOW that future actors develop their improvisational and theatrical talents.
In the "Game Center" provides the organization of role-playing games.
"Literary corner" is organized to improve the speech skills of preschoolers.
The "Center for Sports and Health" is equipped with jump ropes, balls, hoops. For him, the group allocates the greatest space so that preschoolers can improve their sports skills. It is in this corner that the guys get acquainted with the features of a healthy lifestyle.
Such multifunctionality of an ordinary group in kindergarten is a guarantee of providing the younger generation of Russians with all the opportunities for development, their acquisition of their first social experience, and initial research skills.