How versatile and beautiful our world is! In every corner of the planet there is a huge number of unique plants and animals that fascinate with their beauty and uniqueness. Unfortunately, through the fault of mankind every year they are becoming less and less. In this article, we will consider in detail mushrooms listed in the Red Book of Russia, which must be cherished and appreciated.
Briefly about the Red Book
The Red Book of Russia is considered a key municipal document that indicates endangered species, animals and plants, as well as individual subspecies and local populations. In total, the Red Book of Russia contains:
- 8 groups of amphibians;
- 21 species of reptiles;
- 122 groups of birds;
- 74 species of mammals.
Each species is characterized by a certain degree of extinction. It is calculated based on the total number of existing organisms. Probably everyone is interested in whether this important book for our ecology is being updated. Of course, as the animal and plant world changes, new names are introduced into the publication.
Red Book of Nizhny Novgorod
In Nizhny Novgorod, the public movement "Protect the environment" is active. In total, about 50 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of Nizhny Novgorod. And often they are threatened with extinction due to the unfair attitude of the authorities and the people themselves.
At the beginning of this year, the social movement held a conference at which its participants tried to find out whether rare species of plants and animals could survive on the territory of the Russian Federation and the region itself. A detailed plan has also been drawn up, which involves a number of activities aimed at restoring and protecting nature.
Rare mushroom species requiring protection
In the public park of Nizhny Novgorod, scaly tree mushrooms are listed in the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. The social movement “Protecting the Ecology”, which we mentioned earlier, has been asking the local authorities for more than a year to take measures and create a structure that will monitor the safety of rare populations.
Almost every resident of Nizhny Novgorod is familiar with Alekseyev Square. The situation with him is exacerbated daily. Rare mushrooms of Russia, listed in the Red Book, grow in it. It is no secret that this square was given for development. The municipal government was informed in time about the discovery of the Red Book plants, but it did not inform the prospective developer of this. Unfortunately, no adjustment of the plan in order to protect the rarest plants has not occurred to date.
Also, a large number of appeals are received at the Bird Ecological Center regarding the annual mowing of the Oka stingray, on which a huge number of rare and unique plants grow. Every year they have to inform the local administration about the inadmissibility of mowing the slope before the end of the year. However, requests are not taken into account. Environmentalists have found that in the summer the grass is cut for better fruiting of cereals. But the local authorities do not think about other plants, among which are those listed in the Red Book.
The rarest species of mushrooms in the Moscow region
The central regions of our country, as the most populated, suffer most from human activities. Therefore, the mushrooms listed in the Red Book of Russia are under the protection of ecologists and the state. Few people know, but if you cut off a rare species, you risk getting not only a fine, but also a very real prison term. Let's take a closer look at the mushrooms listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region. To date, it is forbidden to destroy the chestnut, cone-shaped fly agaric, red grate, white aspen and spider purple on the territory of the capital. Their destruction is punishable by law.
Voronezh Reserve
Voronezh has one of the most unique reserves in Eastern Europe. It has more than a thousand of the most diverse plants. According to preliminary data, over 300 species of archimycetes grow in the conservation area. Among them there are mushrooms listed in the Red Book of the Voronezh region.
The Voronezh Reserve is unique in its location. It is located between two climatic zones, and a river flows through its territory. Thanks to this feature, almost every rare plant can continue its life in the reserve. Moreover, it became known that new, previously unknown species appeared on its territory.
Ecology and schoolchildren
Not every schoolchild knows what mushrooms are listed in the Red Book of Russia. For many years now, elementary school students have been taught annually, in which they learn which plants and animals need our protection.
The purpose of this lesson is to familiarize students with the Red Book and endangered species of plants and animals. Typically, such classes take place before the summer holidays. Rare mushrooms, listed in the Red Book of Russia, amaze students with their beauty. For the 3rd grade, practical classes are usually organized, in which students go to botanical gardens or reserves to get acquainted with unique plants.
Another important goal of the lesson is to teach schoolchildren the rules of behavior in nature. The teacher explains to students how important it is to value everything that surrounds us, and why some species are threatened with extinction.
Nature Conservation Bill
Animals, plants and mushrooms listed in the Red Book of Russia are at risk of extinction. Every year, environmentalists fight to preserve rare species.
The government of the Russian Federation over the past couple of years has been very carefully monitoring the safety of our ecology. The legislation of Russia provides for article 8.35, which implies the punishment of violators who commit acts leading to the extinction or reduction of the number of rare animals and plants.
In Moscow in 2011 there was an interesting case. During a routine inspection of pet stores in the Moscow region, animals, plants and mushrooms from the Red Book were found in one of them.
When re-checking it was revealed that the owner of the store did not have documents for rare species. The court decided to confiscate the endangered species of animals and plants from the owner of the pet store and ordered him to pay a fine.
The most unusual mushrooms
Sometimes we don’t even think about how beautiful the environment is and how unique the mushrooms are listed in the Red Book of Russia. Photos located in the article confirm this. Varieties of mushrooms surprise us with their uniqueness. They differ not only in color, but also in shape. Among the unusual mushrooms, there are also those that look like amazing flowers, and cup-shaped ones, and even those that are similar to human organs.
One of the most incredible mushrooms is marine. Most often it is found in Australia. Its peculiarity is an unpleasant odor reminiscent of rotten meat. Thus, the mushroom lures flies, which, in turn, carry its spores.
Another unique mushroom is a starfish. It can be found in almost any corner of the planet. In some tribes, it is considered healing and used in medicine. There is also an opinion that it is a starfish that is able to predict the upcoming weather.
In coniferous forests there is also a bleeding mushroom. Over time, a large number of cherry drops form on its surface, which resemble blood. It has a bitter taste and is therefore inedible.
As we said earlier, some fungi resemble human organs, among which there is an orange tremor. It resembles the intestines. During drought, such a mushroom shrinks, and after rain it becomes large again. It is believed that such a mushroom, although it has no taste, is nevertheless edible. However, the mushroom pickers of the Russian Federation do not know how to properly prepare a shaker, so the mushroom is not valuable for them.
Rare mushroom in the Novgorod region
In 2012, a rare species of mushrooms, Bloksama, was found in the Batetsky district. Prior to this, this species was not seen on the territory of the Russian Federation. These mushrooms, listed in the Red Book of Russia, before that, even biologists saw only in books. Moreover, over 40 species of previously unknown plants were found in the district.
Biologists believe that such an abundance of rare plants and fungi in the Batetsky meadow is associated with a high level of carbonate in the soil. Pupils of a nearby school daily observe the life of unique species. So that people would not throw garbage into the meadow, they made a trench. However, this territory was allocated for the construction of a sand pit.
Environmentalists demand that Batetsky meadow receive the status of a protected zone. Only this will save unique species of plants and mushrooms.
Unique find in Moscow
In the east of Moscow, unusual mushrooms were found that are listed in the Red Book of Russia - dog mutins. This species was brought to Europe from America during the Second World War. In the Russian Federation, this fungus is extremely rare.
The mushroom has an oblong shape and bright color. Usually its length is about 7 centimeters. Also, the mushroom emits an unusually unpleasant and pungent smell, which can be felt at a distance of five meters.
Specialists of the Department of Microbiology of Moscow State University explained that bright colors and a sharp aroma are necessary to attract flies. According to experts, it was the insects that brought the spores of this rare fungus.
To summarize
The nature of the Russian Federation is extraordinary. It fascinates us with its beauty and uniqueness. Unfortunately, quite often it is people who are responsible for the extinction of rare species of plants and animals. If we do not think about ecology now, then very soon many rare organisms may disappear. We recommend that you study all types of flora that are listed in the Red Book of Russia, so that because of your ignorance not become the cause of their extinction.