One of the most important tasks in modern society is the implementation of social patronage over people and families who, for various reasons, find themselves in a difficult situation. The solution to this problem lies with certain state institutions and various public organizations. As a result of the situation in the country, and the aggravating problem of neglect, the number of families in need of patronage is constantly growing.
Most often, medical and socio-pedagogical patronages are carried out.
This is a service that is provided to risk groups and individual clients. Employees carry out constant supervision, visit the homes of people who are in a difficult situation, provide them with certain types of assistance.
Basic concepts
Social patronage is a type of technology that allows you to find a solution to various crisis situations in life and involves escorting children, people with disabilities, families faced with similar problems. The technology combines control, diagnostic, adaptive and rehabilitation functions. Patronage is aimed at establishing, as well as supporting, long-term communication with the family, timely search for problem situations, and providing immediate assistance.
The patronage of the socio-pedagogical type is established over families that turned out to be:
- In crisis situations, provoked by the death of one of the family members, divorce and the like.
- In a difficult situation in case of problems of a psychological nature, the detection of chronic diseases, as a result of job loss, when gaining disability.
- In dangerous situations related to vagrancy, domestic violence, drug addiction, alcoholism.
The current practice shows that specialists carry out the patronage of dysfunctional families in those cases when their members do not fulfill their duties, cannot independently cope with problems and life difficulties.
Which individuals can receive patronage
In addition, the social patronage of the family is established if these persons:
- Socially unhealthy, may pose a risk to society.
- Closed, socially isolated.
- They are in a state of constant socio-psychological maladaptation.
- They have a weakened connection with society, other family members, or such a connection is completely absent.
- They do not have the resources for personal and social growth, or do not have the skills to use these resources. It can be professional, spiritual, material forms.
Determine the need for patronage of the family should be the organization that is engaged in its control, as well as the interagency commission, one of the functions of which is to control this procedure.
Types of patronage of the elderly and disabled
This may include the periodic provision of material assistance, expressed in the issuance of allowances, coupons, food, clothing, and other socio-legal patronage, carried out in relation to families with disabled children in difficult situations with the aim of providing systematic legal assistance to such families. The functions of social patronage of the disabled are very extensive.
Who carries out patronage
The specialist, the representative of the interdepartmental commission, the service of patronage nurses , whose decision established control over the family, is entrusted with the duties. If there is a similar need, they have the right to make adjustments to the plan of their activity and interaction with dysfunctional people.
The family is put on patronage only if there is a real need and an informed decision. Such a decision should be made without haste, because in some cases, consulting services, support, individual preventive rehabilitation measures are sufficient.
Basic principles
The basic principles of social patronage, on the basis of which services organize their activities, taking into account materials from a social educator, are as follows:
- Propaganda of family unity.
- Preventive focus.
- Objectivity.
- Optimization.
- Complexity (work should be carried out comprehensively, and not in a single order).
- Systematic (actions must be interconnected, complementing each other).
Varieties
Social patronage of the family can be of several types:
- Legal.
- Economic.
- Pedagogical.
- Psychological.
- Medical.
Let's consider them in more detail.
Medical and social patronage can be established in relation to sick or physically disabled family members, including in relation to children with disabilities and in need of daily care. The content of such care is compiled taking into account the category of a person in care. It may include the delivery of food, medicine, feeding, hygiene services, cleaning of premises, night watch and other activities that allow a person to live a normal life if he is not able to independently satisfy the necessary needs.
The main task of the employee performing medical and social patronage is to perform these services, establish trusting relationships with the ward, and tolerance.
Socio-psychological patronage consists in the fact that a social worker provides psychological and social assistance to people at risk: living in stressful or conflicting conditions, in a state of emotional stress, chronic psychological maladaptation, and having problems in raising children. Their responsibilities include advising clients, finding alternative ways out of existing conflict situations together with the wards, and acting as an intermediary between the person and the people who surround him. Social workers provide assistance aimed at reducing the anxiety of the ward, skillfully introduce him to the process of changes that are provided for in the work plan.
Tasks
The main task of social patronage of children is the provision of effective and comprehensive assistance by social workers in a difficult situation. Specialists are guided by personal educational opportunities. Socio-pedagogical patronage is aimed at increasing the competence of parents, the formation of positive motivation to find a way out of crisis situations, the restoration of relations between children and parents, the formation of their social position aimed at the normal development of a person.
In the framework of socio-economic patronage, financial assistance is provided by providing products, coupons, clothing, benefits. The socio-economic type of patronage is a special case.
Social patronage of the elderly.
This involves the systematic monitoring of wards in order to identify the threat of violence. In addition, assistance based on methods of social patronage is being provided.
What activities do employees carry out
Workers are engaged in the following activities:
- Make visits to families, study and identify the causes of the formed problem.
- They provide specific (sometimes emergency) assistance that can resolve crisis situations.
- They provide preventive measures that meet needs, help stabilize favorable changes, consolidate success, reduce or eliminate risk factors through incentive, mediation, and training.
- Combine the actions of employees of the relevant services to eliminate problem situations in families.
Types of social support
If necessary, social support is provided to families, parents, guardians, guardians, other representatives of minors. Authorized services having the legal right to carry out psychological patronage carry out this type of activity. Support can be of several types: legal, labor, socio-pedagogical, psychological, medical, domestic.
In addition, patronage institutions provide urgent services of public importance: providing hot meals, providing necessary shoes and clothes, legal support, assistance in obtaining temporary housing.
Supervisory authorities
Socio-pedagogical patronage implies activities aimed at servicing wards at risk at home. In this connection, the procedure for providing such a service is monitored by the Children's Affairs Department, the social welfare department, and the social services center.
The formation and implementation of quality control are regulated by federal law No. 256 of July 21, 2014.