It is in the past that a person finds a source for the formation of consciousness, the search for his place in the world and society. With memory loss, all social connections are lost. It is a certain life experience, an awareness of the events experienced.
What is historical memory?
It involves the preservation of historical and social experience. It is on how carefully the traditions are treated in the family, the city, the country, the historical memory directly depends . An essay on this problem is often found in literature tests in grade 11. We will also pay a little attention to this issue.
The sequence of formation of historical memory
Historical memory has several stages of formation. After some time, people forget about the events that happened. Life is constantly presenting new episodes filled with emotions and unusual impressions. Moreover, often in articles and fiction the events of bygone years are distorted, the authors not only change their meaning, but also make changes to the course of the battle, the disposition of forces. There is a problem of historical memory. Each author gives his arguments from life, taking into account his personal vision of the described historical past. Due to the different interpretation of one event, the inhabitants have the opportunity to draw their own conclusions. Of course, arguments will be needed to substantiate your thought. The problem of historical memory exists in a society deprived of freedom of speech. Total censorship leads to a distortion of real events, the presentation of their wide layers of the population only in the right perspective. True memory can live and develop only in a democratic society. In order for information to pass on to the next generations without visible distortions, it is important to be able to compare events that occur in real time with facts from a past life.
The conditions for the formation of historical memory
Arguments on the topic “The Problem of Historical Memory” can be found in many works of classics. In order for society to develop, it is important to analyze the experience of ancestors, do “work on mistakes”, use the rational kernel that previous generations had.
"Black Boards" by V. Soloukhin
What is the main problem of historical memory? Consider the arguments from the literature on the example of this work. The author tells of the looting in the native village of the church. Unique books are being delivered as waste paper, boxes are made of priceless icons. A carpentry workshop is organized right in the church in Stavrovo. In another open a machine-tractor station. Trucks, caterpillar tractors come here, store fuel barrels. The author bitterly says that neither the barn, nor the crane can replace the Moscow Kremlin, the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl. It is impossible to have a rest house in a monastery building, in which there are graves of relatives of Pushkin and Tolstoy. The work raises the problem of preserving historical memory. The arguments cited by the author are undeniable. Not those who died lie under gravestones, need memory, but alive!
Article by D. S. Likhachev
In his article “Love, respect, knowledge,” the academician raises the topic of the reproach of the national shrine, namely, it tells about the explosion of the monument to Bagration, the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Likhachev raises the problem of the historical memory of the people. The arguments given by the author relate to vandalism in relation to this work of art. After all, the monument was a gratitude of the people to the Georgian brother, who courageously fought for the independence of Russia. Who could destroy a cast-iron monument? Only those who have no idea about the history of their country do not love their homeland, are not proud of their homeland.
Views on patriotism
What other arguments can be given? The problem of historical memory was raised in "Letters from the Russian Museum", authored by V. Soloukhin. He says that, chopping his own roots, trying to absorb foreign, alien culture, a person loses his personality. This Russian argument of the problems of historical memory is supported by other patriots of Russia. Likhachev developed the “Declaration of Culture”, in which the author calls for the protection and maintenance of cultural traditions at the international level. The scientist emphasizes that without citizens' knowledge of the culture of the past, the present, the state will have no future. It is in the “spiritual security” of the nation that nationwide existence is. There should be interaction between external and internal culture, only in this case society will rise along the steps of historical development.
The problem of historical memory in the literature of the 20th century
In the literature of the last century, the central place was occupied by the question of responsibility for the terrible consequences of the past, in the works of many authors there was a problem of historical memory. Arguments from the literature are direct evidence of this. For example, A. T. Twardowski called in his poem “By the Right of Memory” to rethink the sad experience of totalitarianism. Anna Akhmatova in the famous Requiem did not pass over this problem. She reveals all the injustice, lawlessness that reigned in society at that time, gives weighty arguments. The problem of historical memory can be traced in the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn. His story, “One Day of Ivan Denisovich,” contains a sentence to the state system of that time, in which lies and injustice became priorities.
Respect for cultural heritage
The focus of attention is issues related to the preservation of ancient monuments. In the harsh post-revolutionary period, characterized by a change in the political system, there was a widespread destruction of former values. Russian intellectuals tried by any means to preserve the country's cultural relics. D. S. Likhachev opposed the development of Nevsky Prospect with typical high-rise buildings. What other arguments can be given? The problem of historical memory was also raised by Russian filmmakers. With the funds raised by them, it was possible to restore the estates of Abramtsevo and Kuskovo. What is the problem of the historical memory of the war? Arguments from the literature indicate that this issue was relevant at all times. A.S. Pushkin said that "disrespect for the ancestors is the first sign of immorality."
Theme of war in historical memory
What is historical memory? An essay on this topic can be written on the basis of the work of Chingiz Aitmatov's “Snowstorm Station”. His hero mankurt is a man who was forcibly deprived of his memory. He became a slave who has no past. Mankurt does not remember either his name or parents, that is, it is difficult for him to be aware of himself as a person. The writer warns that such a creature is dangerous to social society.
Before Victory Day, a sociological survey was conducted among young people . Questions related to the start and end dates of the Great Patriotic War, important battles, military leaders. The answers received were depressing. Many guys have no idea either about the start date of the war, or about the enemy of the USSR, they have never heard of G.K. Zhukov, the Battle of Stalingrad. The survey showed how urgent the problem of the historical memory of the war is. The arguments given by the "reformers" of the history course program at school, which reduced the number of hours devoted to the study of the Great Patriotic War, are connected with the overload of students.
Such an approach has led the modern generation to forget the past, therefore, important dates in the country's history will not be passed on to the next generation. If you do not respect your history, do not honor your own ancestors, historical memory is lost. The composition for the successful passing of the exam can be argued by the words of the Russian classic A.P. Chekhov. He noted that for freedom a person needs the whole globe. But without a purpose, its existence will be completely meaningless. When considering the arguments for the problem of historical memory (USE), it is important to note that there are false goals that do not create, but destroy. For example, the hero of the story “Gooseberry” dreamed of buying his own estate, planting gooseberries there. The set goal completely absorbed him. But, having reached it, he lost his human appearance. The author notes that his hero "became fat, flabby ... - look at that, grunt in the blanket."
In the story of I. Bunin, “The Lord of San Francisco,” the fate of a person who served false values is shown. The hero worshiped wealth as a god. After the death of the American millionaire, it turned out that real happiness passed him.
The search for the meaning of life, the awareness of the connection with the ancestors, was shown to I. A. Goncharov in the image of Oblomov. He dreamed of making his life different, but his desires were not embodied in reality, he did not have enough strength.
When writing an essay on the Unified State Exam on the topic “The Problem of the Historical Memory of the War”, arguments can be cited from Nekrasov's work “In the Trenches of Stalingrad”. The author shows the real life of the “fines” who are ready to defend the independence of the Fatherland at the cost of their lives.
Arguments for the essay on the Russian language
In order to get a good score for the essay, the graduate must argue his position using literary works. In the play “At the Bottom” by M. Gorky, the author demonstrated the problem of “former” people who had lost their strength to fight for their own interests. They realize that it is impossible to live the way they are, and it is necessary to change something, only they do not plan to do anything for this. The work of this work begins in a shelter, and ends there. There is no question of any memory or pride in their ancestors, the characters of the play do not even think about it.
Some are trying, lying on the couch, to talk about patriotism, others, not sparing time and energy, bring real benefits to their country. Talking about historical memory, one cannot ignore the amazing story of M. Sholokhov, “The Fate of Man.” It talks about the tragic fate of a simple soldier who lost his family during the war. Having met an orphan boy, he calls himself his father. What does this act testify to? An ordinary person who has gone through the pain of loss is trying to resist fate. Love has not died out in him, and he wants to give it to a little boy. It is the desire to do good that gives the soldier the strength to live, no matter what. The hero of Chekhov’s short story “A Man in a Case” talks about “people who are satisfied with themselves.” Having small property interests, trying to distance oneself from other people's troubles, they are absolutely indifferent to the problems of other people. The author notes the spiritual impoverishment of the heroes who imagined themselves to be "masters of life", but in reality are ordinary bourgeois. They do not have real friends; they are only interested in their own well-being. Mutual assistance, responsibility for another person is clearly expressed in the work of B. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet ...". All wards of Captain Vaskov not only fight together for the freedom of the motherland, they live according to human laws. In Simonov’s novel, Alive and Dead, Sintsov carries a comrade from the battlefield. All the arguments cited from various literary works help to understand the essence of historical memory, the importance of the possibility of its preservation, transmission to other generations.
Conclusion
When congratulating you on any holiday, the wishes of a peaceful sky above your head sound. What does this indicate? The fact that the historical memory of the ordeals of the war is passed down from generation to generation. War! Only five letters in this word, but immediately there is an association with suffering, tears, a sea of blood, the death of relatives and friends. Wars on the planet, unfortunately, have always passed. The groans of women, the crying of children, the echoes of war should be familiar to the younger generation from feature films, literary works. We must not forget about those terrible trials that fell to the lot of the Russian people. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia participated in the Patriotic War of 1812. In order for the historical memory of those events to be alive, Russian writers in their works tried to convey the features of that era. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" showed the patriotism of the people, their willingness to give their lives for the Fatherland. Reading poems, stories, novels about the Partisan War, the Battle of Borodino, young Russians get the opportunity to "visit the battlefields", to feel the atmosphere that prevailed in that historical period. In Sevastopol Tales, Tolstoy talks about the heroism of Sevastopol, manifested in 1855. The events are described by the author so reliably that it seems that he himself was an eyewitness of that battle. Courage of spirit, unique willpower, amazing patriotism of the city's inhabitants are worthy of memory. Tolstoy associates war with violence, pain, dirt, suffering, death. Describing the heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855, he emphasizes the strength of the spirit of the Russian people. B. Vasiliev, K. Simonov, M. Sholokhov, and other Soviet writers devoted many of their works to the battles of the Great Patriotic War. In this difficult period for the country, women worked and fought along with men, even the children did everything in their power.
At the cost of life, they tried to bring Victory closer, to preserve the country's independence. Historical memory helps to preserve in great detail information about the heroic deed of all fighters and civilians. If the connection with the past is lost, the country will lose its independence. This must not be allowed!