Horizontal drilling machines are devices whose main purpose is to create holes in materials such as plastic, metal, wood, non-ferrous metals, glass, hard rubber.
General information
In addition to the fact that this type of unit allows you to create holes of different sizes and types, it also allows you to perform simple milling functions and can perform countersinking. This device is one of the most popular, since neither a large industrial enterprise, nor a home workshop can do without it. It is also worth adding here that horizontal drilling machines are not the only type of these machines. There are also several varieties of this kind of devices.
Machine differences
There are several signs by which this kind of aggregates differ from each other. It is worth adding that the functions and scope of the device are largely determined by its original design.
- The first sign by which all devices differ is the nature of the work performed. They can be special or universal.
- According to their design features, these can be either horizontal drilling machines or vertical drilling machines.
- An important feature of any type of machine will be how mobile its drilling unit is. There must be the ability to move this assembly with respect to the guide of the fixture.
- The difference between them is not only in the design of the machine itself, but also in the arrangement of the table, as well as in the presence or absence of any additional elements.
- A very important feature of any machine is the number of spindles. The greater the number of these constituent elements, the better will be the products processed on such a device. For this reason, multi-spindle units are used only in very large enterprises.
It is also important to note that each horizontal drilling machine is designed for a certain type of work with a certain intensity. The higher the cost of the device, the more additional components, and therefore, the more features the machine has.
Device Parameters
The best option for describing the technical characteristics of the device will take, for example, one of the most common models and describe its performance. Quite popular is a manual feed machine. A model of a horizontal drilling machine of this category is used to process parts with a hole diameter of up to 4.5 cm. The maximum length of a drill hole will be 120 mm. The number of revolutions of the drill per minute can reach 2000.
The horizontal drilling machine for wood, metal and other materials of the SvG-3 model is characterized by such characteristics as:
- maximum diameter - 2.5 cm;
- maximum drilling depth - 10 cm;
- no more than 20 cm should be the length of the grooves;
- the drill is capable of developing speeds of up to 3000 rpm.
Design
Horizontal drilling milling machine SvG-3 consists of such components as: base, support, electric motor. In addition, he has a lever used to control the caliper assembly, an arm, a working surface, and also a lever for horizontal or vertical rotation of the working surface. The last three components are a drilling unit, a ruler and a clamp.
It is worth noting that there is a wide variety of modifications for such machines. For example, there is a model of SVPA. A feature of this category of device was the presence of such additional elements as a hydraulic pump and mechanical feed. The first of these elements in this device is used to create conditions in which it is possible to fix the part as securely as possible on the table.
Application features
Before you start working on a horizontal drilling machine, you need to configure it very carefully. In order to carry out this procedure, you can use the markings applied to the first used part. Subsequently, when each of the stages ends, additional measurements of the diameters of the holes are carried out, as well as grooves are measured.
Before you begin to work with any part, you must make sure that it is securely attached to the working surface of the device. If the slightest displacement of the part occurs during operation, then it will immediately be considered defective.
Another point that you need to pay special attention to is the choice of drill and cutter for future work. The cutter is inserted into the left end of the socket to the bottom, after which the working surface of the machine moves from side to side. This process is called high-quality groove milling. It is important to add that the selection of the nest immediately after applying the cutter, can lead to the fact that the resulting part will have the wrong dimensions.
Recommendations when working on the machine
There are several more recommendations that apply to working with horizontal drilling machines for wood:
- Insert the drill into the wood blank must be very smooth, so as not to damage it. To achieve this effect, it is necessary to slightly reduce the rotation speed of the drill until it is introduced into the wood.
- After the workpiece has been machined with a twist drill, it will require additional operation. This is due to the fact that during the operation of the twist drill, ribs will form which can be removed by reprocessing with a conventional consumable element.
- A convenient function is that the control system of such machines allows you to perform all operations with just one operator. The number of levers for control is not too large, and their convenient location contributes to the fact that only one worker can cope with any task.
- If you plan to work with parts of rather large sizes, then there is the opportunity to reform the desktop. At home, it is most often lengthened. Depending on the degree of modifications, such a table will allow working with workpieces from 1 to 2 m in length.
What is CNC?
Many models of horizontal drilling machines are equipped with a device such as CNC. This abbreviation stands for numerical software. Devices equipped with such a modification are also capable of performing operations such as boring, milling, drilling, countersinking.
It is important to note that the degree of accuracy with which it will perform the task will depend on the class of numerical software. The on-board computer calculates the existing node and the given one, which helps to save time, as well as better coordinate the processing of parts. In addition to the fact that the CNC allows you to adjust the movement of the drill in different planes, it also allows you to set the angle of inclination of the working tool of the machine.
Do-it-yourself horizontal drilling machine
Many people who are engaged in any kind of processing of material at home, faced with the problem, which was the need to have a drilling machine. Buying such a thing is quite expensive, but making it with your own hands is much cheaper, although you will have to work hard.
It is worth noting that the most common assembly option is the one in which the main part is a drill. Such a model is pretty good, especially in home use, but there is a significant drawback, namely that you have to disassemble the entire device each time if it becomes necessary to use the drill as an independent separate tool. There is another option, for the implementation of which parts such as:
- steering rack from a car;
- several steel corners and profiles;
- steel sheet for a bed 2-3 mm thick;
- drill chuck;
- electric motor and pulleys with a belt;
- good bearings and the presence of a welding machine and a lathe.
Horizontal boring and boring machine
This category of machines belongs to universal models. The peculiarity of such machines is that they have at least one axis of freedom. The main working surface for such a universal model is a table on which workpieces or workpieces are mounted. By general rules, such machines are used for single and serial production. The principle of operation of this device allows automation, as well as the versatility of the model in terms of the variety of workpiece options. It is worth noting that horizontal boring machines of the boring type, the functionality of their spindle, as well as the desktop, is limited.