One of the most common reasons that a speech therapist is referred to is that the child does not pronounce the sound "P". Parents worry that their baby will always burry, but this is not so. If you focus on correcting sound pronunciation, you can get a beautiful sound. Violations can be different - this is a skipping sound, its distortion or replacement. In order to start corrective work, you need to know the reasons for the violation of sound pronunciation. Consider the article how to put the sound "P".
Causes of P pronunciation
- Short hyoid frenum. There are 2 ways to solve this problem: cut the bridle (the operation is performed by the surgeon) and select the articulation exercises that contribute to its stretching.
- Violation of the tone of the tongue. This is the most common reason. The articulation of the “P” sound is rather complicated, and the language must be well prepared in order to pronounce this sound.
- Weak exhalation. During the pronunciation of “P”, the tongue vibrates (after all, it is precisely as a result of vibration that “growl” is obtained), and this becomes possible if the child exhales strongly.
Articulation exercises
Before putting the sound "P", it is necessary to prepare the articulation apparatus with special exercises that are aimed at improving the tone of the tongue and developing the correct way for this sound. Here are some examples of exercises:
- "Spatula" - a wide tongue lies on the lower lip. It is aimed at normalizing the tone of the tongue.
- "Needle" - narrow tongue pull down, as if trying to reach the chin. This exercise is also necessary to improve the tone of the tongue.
- “Calyx” - lift the tip and the lateral edges of the tongue up to look like a “cup”. This is a basic exercise for shaping the upper lift of the tongue.
- “Fungus” - the front part of the tongue “sticks” to the palate, at this time, you need to raise and lower the lower jaw. This is an exercise for stretching the hyoid frenum.
- "Drummers" - to pronounce the sound "D" repeatedly, gradually accelerating the pronunciation. The main thing is that the sound is clear.
These are the most basic exercises for making sound.
Sound "P"
It is carried out in several ways. Do not think that the production will happen quickly. It all depends on the individual characteristics of the child and on how well his articulation apparatus is well prepared.
- From the exercise "Drummers". This method is also called "Start the engine." Here, the exercise of the same name is taken as the basis. You need to take a cotton swab and, when the child says "ddd", to shake out the tip of the tongue with movements from side to side. It should be "DR", then it is with this combination that automation should begin.
- From the fungus exercise. Here the child is already on his own, without mechanical assistance, trying to say "P". An adult asks him to forcefully blow on the tip of his tongue to make a sound.
There are many ways of setting sound. But these two methods are the most common, one might even say classic.
Automation of sound "P" in syllables
After the sound has been delivered, you must immediately proceed to the automation of the sound "P". The fastening is built on the principle of "from simple to complex." Work always begins with syllables. The selection of speech material depends on the way the productions were used. If the sound is "D", then automation begins with the following syllables:
- DRA, DRO, DRU, DRI.
- TRA, TPO, TRU, TRI.
If the sound appeared due to the second method, then the following types of combinations should be taken:
- RA, RO, RU, PY.
- AR, OR, UR, IR.
When one group of syllables will be automated (the child will not make mistakes in pronunciation), you should proceed to the words.
Consolidation in words
The next stage in automation is working out the sound in words. Words are always selected that contain the fulfilled syllable, otherwise the child may make a mistake. Another important nuance for verbal selection is its accessibility for the child, i.e. he must understand what this word means. Otherwise, he will think more not about how to pronounce the sound correctly , but about searching for the meaning of an unfamiliar word. Below are examples of words that are recommended to be taken at the initial stage.
Many make the following mistake: only nouns are practiced, and adjectives and verbs are forgotten. They also need to be included in the automation process, because not all children can freely form them from nouns.
Words on "RA"
- CANCER;
- FRAME;
- RAINBOW;
- JOB;
- ROCKET;
- STORY;
- SHELL;
- Rejoice;
- RAINBOW.
Types of jobs
In addition to repeating words, other types of work are used to automate sound in words, which positively affect not only pronunciation, but also contribute to the development of phonemic hearing, sound analysis and synthesis. For instance:
- come up with your own words on a particular syllable;
- make up a word from letters (this is for older preschool children);
- determine where the sound is in the word: at the beginning, middle or end.
After a few words have been worked out, we should proceed to consolidation in phrases. Be careful: many skip this stage because they do not consider it necessary. In fact, it just serves as a smooth transition from the pronunciation of individual words to sentences.
Automation of the sound "P" in words and sentences should take place simultaneously - you do not need to work with only one syllable and only words. If you work on this principle, the automation process will be delayed. The lesson on sound automation "P" should include the development of:
- new syllable;
- another syllable in words, phrases and sentences.
Securing sound in sentences
In general, the “P” sound automation stage in words and sentences is one of the most extensive, because the choice of speech material is expanding. And you need to be very careful: after all, after the proposals, the most difficult stage for the child and parents is the introduction of sound into the connected speech of the child. Therefore, it is very important that the automation of the “P” sound in words and sentences be carried out efficiently. At the very beginning of work with sentences, it is necessary to try to include the worked-out words into the work as much as possible. It is necessary that the sentence be filled with the sound "P", for example:
Paradise was pleased with the rainbow.
Paradise grew roses.
Rose has a fish in her hands.
Sentences are lengthened and the number of words with the sound "P" is reduced, because in ordinary speech, people do not use such rich sentences.
Then you can complicate the task: ask the child to independently make sentences from the selected words. This helps not only in the correction of sound pronunciation, but also contributes to the development of the grammatical structure and the formation of coherent speech.
A good exercise would be to write a picture sentence or a short story. Pictures should be understandable to the child and contain the fulfilled words. This exercise is already aimed not only at automating the sound in the sentence, but also at forming coherent speech.
Sound differentiation
This stage of work is optional, but it is necessary in those cases when the child confuses the sounds “P” and “L” in his speech. When pronouncing the language, they are in the same position, so they can confuse them. Still this is often found when there was no “P” sound in children's speech , and he replaced it with a simpler “L”.
As always, work begins with syllables. Take alternating syllables:
- RA-LA-RA;
- LA-LA-RA;
- RA-RA-LA.
When combinations of syllables are pronounced unmistakably, words are taken that contain both "P" and "L", for example: crocodile, marmalade, coral. It’s good to take tongue twisters and pure tongues after syllables, which at the very beginning should be spoken slowly, gradually accelerating the pace, but so that the pronunciation of all sounds remains clean. While the alternation of "P" - "L" is not worked out, it is not recommended to include in the sentences words that contain the sound "L".
Not all parents are ready to do their own production and automation of the sound "P" in words and sentences. For many adults, this job seems very complicated. In this case, the services of a speech therapist come in handy. Now it’s hard to get to classes at a speech therapist who works in kindergarten. Many parents are very helpful at a speech therapy center.
A speech therapist will diagnose, determine the level of speech development of the child and establish the reason for which there was a violation of sound pronunciation. Based on the information received, a plan of correctional work is drawn up, which takes into account the individual capabilities of the child. Parents also need to deal with him at home, especially during automation, because this is the time when the child's self-control over speech is formed.
How long can the P sound be automated? The sound "P" is considered one of the most difficult to articulate sounds, requiring great (for the baby) effort. Therefore, no specialist will give an exact answer to this question. It all depends on how carefully the parents will monitor the child’s speech and how correctly the speech material will be selected. It also plays a big role when corrective work was started: the sooner the faster the automation will go.
Not everyone has the opportunity to use the services of a speech therapist. For some parents, they simply can not afford. It is not always possible to visit a speech therapy center. The types of work described briefly above will help parents to automate their child's correct “P” sound. The main thing is to be patient, the baby really needs your support during this period. Then he will have the correct sound pronunciation and beautiful speech!