State territory is a fraction of the total earth's surface that has come under the sovereignty of a particular country. It contains land, the bowels of the earth, internal and territorial waters (12 kilometers from the coast), as well as airspace (at the height of aviation flight). Another sign of state territory is the generally accepted border with other countries. In this article we will analyze in detail what the state territory of Russia is and what features its population differs in.
A bit of history
The history of the territory of Russia is annually supplemented. At different times, the Russian Federation has changed its own limits many times. They were supplemented by the accession of new land. Three periods of development of the territory of the Russian Federation can be noted.
The first period is the XV – XVI centuries. At this stage, the base territory has been formed. The Moscow kingdom was created. At this time, the Principality of Yaroslavl, Tver, Perm Region and Nizhny Novgorod joined Moscow.
The second period - XVI-XVII centuries. At this stage, the state territory of Russia was supplemented by Kazan, Samara, Volgograd, Ufa, Kiev, Left-Bank Ukraine and Penza.
The third period - XVIII-XIX centuries. At this stage, the Russian Federation has become an empire. Built Orenburg and Troitsk.
State Square
The total area of ​​Russia is about 12% of the globe. The Russian Federation, just as the Soviet Union used to be, is the state that has the largest territory in the world. Its most extreme points are the Baltic Spit, Ratmanova Island, Cape Dezhnev, Fligely and Chelyuskin.
The total area of ​​Russia is 17.125 million square kilometers. Today it is 76% of the former Soviet Union. Surprisingly, in the Russian Federation there are more than ten time zones. This is due to the fact that, for example, from the extreme western point to the eastern distance along the meridian is more than 4 thousand kilometers.
Parts of Russia are located on two continents. A third of the Russian Federation is in Europe, and the rest is in Asia. This determines the diverse climate in one country.
Administrative division of the territory of the Russian Federation
The main territories of Russia are characterized by the presence of 21 republics, 3 cities of federal significance and 46 regions. In addition, in the Russian Federation there are also 9 territories and 1 autonomous republic. By the way, in 2014 the Crimean Peninsula also joined the state. In this regard, two new entities appeared in Russia - the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol.
The borders of the Russian Federation on the map
The borders of Russia on the world map are lines and vertical surfaces passing through it. They determine the limits of the state territory of the Russian Federation. According to the world map, Russia borders on 16 countries. Surprisingly, the length of the state border is more than 50 thousand kilometers.
Two years ago, Russia's borders on the map expanded. Already in September 2014, an updated version of the map with the Crimean Peninsula, which became part of the Russian Federation two years ago, was released.
The national composition of the Russian Federation. Russian population
More than 100 different national minorities live in the Russian Federation. Each of them has its own culture and values. By the way, the Russian Federation is considered a multinational country. Absolutely all peoples in Russia have the same rights, and some of them also have statehood.
The largest nation in the Russian Federation is the Russians. They make up more than 80% of the total population. The Russian population lives in absolutely all corners of the country. They are representatives of the Eastern Slavs. This group also includes Belarusians and Ukrainians. They inhabit the western and southern parts of the country.
Finns, Ugric peoples and Turks
Another Russian citizen is the Finns. Most often they live in independent districts. The Finnish group includes Finns, Estonians and Karelians. They inhabit the northwestern parts of Russia. The far north of the Russian Federation is inhabited by Ugric peoples. These include Khanty and Mansi.
Another large language group that lives in Russia is the TĂĽrks. These include the Tatars, Bashkirs and Yakuts. Most often they live in the north of the state. The number of Tatars living in the country is more than 5 million, Bashkirs - 2 million, and Yakuts - 390 thousand.
As we found out earlier, a large number of the most diverse national minorities live in the Russian Federation. All languages ​​have equal rights. However, the state is Russian. By the way, more than 150 different nationalities live in the Russian Federation.
Religious composition of the Russian Federation
The most popular religion in the Russian Federation is Christianity. The number of representatives is 74% of the total number of residents of Russia. This number includes Catholics, Protestants and Orthodox.
Another numerous religious denomination in the Russian Federation is Islam. The number of residents with such a religion is 7%.
The state territory of Russia, as we said earlier, is densely populated by a wide variety of religious faiths. The third largest number of representatives is Buddhism. Today, the number of citizens of such a religion is 400 million. On September 26, 1997, the Constitution of the Russian Federation adopted a decree on freedom of religion. This bill allows you to choose a denomination on your own.
Regions of the Russian Federation
The state territory of Russia includes 89 regions. Each of them has its own representation. According to this year’s statistics, Moscow and the region are the most densely populated region. The number of residents there is more than 15 million citizens. The second largest is Krasnodar Territory. The number of residents is 5 million.
If we talk about the federal districts, then the most densely populated is the Central. It is home to almost 40 million inhabitants. The second place is occupied by the Volga Federal District. There are 29 million citizens.
The population of the Russian Federation
The total population of the Russian Federation today is 146 million inhabitants. It is worth emphasizing that since last year this figure increased by 0.18%. The increase occurred in all districts except the Volga region. The most noticeable increase in population occurred on the Crimean peninsula. There, the percentage of residents over the past year increased by 1.25%.
Few people know, but it was not possible to recalculate the population for 2014. This is due to the accession of two new entities. As we said earlier, these are the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. Speaking about population growth, one cannot but say about birth rates. Its coefficient was 13 newborns per 1,000 inhabitants.
In 2014, an interesting calculation was made. Rosstat calculated the current life expectancy. According to statistics, today it is an average of 73 years. It is also worth noting that the population in the Russian Federation is distributed extremely unevenly. Most of the citizens live on the European continent. It accounts for only 20% of the entire territory of the Russian Federation.
National policy
Understanding national politics will help our article and geography. The territory of Russia is characterized by the presence of a large number of representatives of religious faiths and national minorities. Almost every one of them is interested in what rights in the territory of the Russian Federation citizens of other countries have. According to the Constitution of Russia, adopted in 1996, the state guarantees absolute equality regardless of nationality, religious and linguistic affiliation. Also, every citizen has the right to speak his native language. He can also get training on it.
It is worth noting that propaganda of superiority on any national grounds is prohibited on the territory of the Russian Federation. This is confirmed by Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This decree punishes a violation. This is either penalties, which range from 100 to 300 thousand rubles, or a prison term of up to three years. In many countries, it is 5 years. By the way, the Government of the Russian Federation has recently been considering the option of tightening measures, and perhaps in the near future the bill will come into force.
Knowledge of the national language
As we said earlier, the territory of the Russian Federation is densely populated by a wide variety of national minorities. Six years ago, Rosstat conducted a population census. According to statistics, 94% of citizens were fluent in Russian. In 2002, their number was 99%.
The largest number of citizens of other nationalities who live in the Russian Federation and speak the Russian language are Chechens. Also in 2010, a large number of citizens were surveyed. Rosstat tried to find out what language they consider native. According to statistics, more than 5% of citizens of other nationalities consider Russian their language.
To summarize
As we said earlier, the Russian Federation is a multinational country. This is due to the fact that the state has a fairly large area. The Russian Federation borders on 16 countries. The Russian government is quite loyal and tolerant of citizens of other nationalities. There are a large number of bills that make their life in the Russian Federation comfortable. Moreover, it is on the territory of Russia that there are not only 11 time zones, but also different climatic zones. If you want to change your state and move to the Russian Federation, then you can safely do it. Here everyone is taken care of regardless of nationality and religious affiliation.