The category of "didactic principles" is often used as identical to the concept of "principles of instruction." However, this is not a completely accurate interpretation of this concept; substantial clarifications are necessary, without which the difference is difficult to understand.
The principles of teaching are the most general, fundamental provisions in accordance with which the content of education, the system of its organization and pedagogical technologies are developed, on the basis of which pedagogical activity is built.
Didactics is a special section of pedagogical science in which the content, organization and methods (technologies) are examined for their effectiveness in the educational process.
The basic didactic principles are designed so that teachers and teachers can achieve the most significant results in learning and so that students can most effectively receive knowledge.
Modern didactic principles determine almost all the components and stages of the pedagogical process, express the fundamental requirements for the goals of education, its content, methods, forms and teaching techniques.
Modern pedagogical science distinguishes the following didactic principles:
- Consciousness and activity. The principle, which implies an organic connection and interdependence of the nature of the pedagogical leadership and the level of student learning activity, his creative attitude to the learning process itself. Consciousness implies a student’s desire to comprehend the knowledge he receives for their effective practical application, and activity in this unity is a characteristic of the student’s level of independence in understanding and applying knowledge.
- The principle of visualization involves following the rule of support of the teacher in his pedagogical activity on the direct and real representations of children about the world. The basis of this principle is the conclusion about the different degrees of development of sensory organs in people , and as a result, different ideas about the world, which are formed through the perception of the world by feelings.
- Consistency and consistency as a principle proceeds from the fact that a person can form in himself a truly scientific worldview only when the picture of the world formed by him in the learning process is holistic, organic, explaining the complex relationships and interactions of being.
- Scientific. This is the principle according to which the content of education should be formed on the basis of truly scientific knowledge, allowing critical reflection on the surrounding reality.
- Availability. This is a principle that requires ensuring adequate conformity and combination in the educational process of the forms of its organization, ways of teaching the individual development parameters of children, their age and psychophysical characteristics. The criteria for this relationship were formulated back in the Middle Ages by Y. A. Komensky: from simple to complex, from known to unknown. Modern training technologies, various technical training tools today significantly increase resources to ensure the availability of training.
- The principle of the organic connection of theory with practice. One of the main ones in the entire didactic system, he suggests that learning in its ultimate goal serves the interests of socializing the individual, forms the person’s ability to adapt effectively to the complex and dynamic processes of modern society.
- The principle of strength makes demands on the content of education and the subjective attitude towards it on the part of the student. The more interesting and informative the educational process is organized, the more motivational grounds for learning are manifested and the knowledge itself is more firmly assimilated. In general, all didactic principles are based on the understanding and application of such mechanisms and technologies of educational activity, which are able to provide high assimilation strength.
In aggregate, didactic principles represent a single systemic education, which is one of the fundamental foundations on which educational activity is based.