The medicine. Nursing care for bronchial asthma

There are many diseases that pose a danger to human life. One of them is bronchial asthma. It is completely impossible to cure this pathology, but you can keep it under control. The danger is seizures that begin unexpectedly. Many patients have learned to deal with seizures at home. It is especially difficult for children, because they do not always understand and can explain what is happening to them. At such times, medical attention is needed. Consider what is nursing care for bronchial asthma. What are its principles and features?

What is bronchial asthma?

A few words about the disease itself. Bronchial asthma refers to allergic diseases. The source may be food, dust, pollen, animal hair. The persistent allergic inflammatory process of the respiratory tract captures the nasal mucosa and extends to the smallest bronchi and bronchioles. One of the characteristic signs of pathology is asthma attacks. How a disease will develop is influenced by many different factors. These include:

• Hereditary predisposition.
• Hypersensitivity of the bronchi.
• An increased amount of immunoglobulins E.
  

Bronchial asthma is common in childhood. And one of the reasons for the development of pathology is frequent respiratory diseases. In this case, nursing care for atopic bronchial asthma involves informing adults about the importance of preventing colds. If the disease does not go away for a long time, then this can lead to disability of the child in the most severe forms, even death.

For each case, treatment is selected individually. It includes:

• Compliance with the diet.
• Conducting drug therapy.

Due to the fact that the attacks are repeated and pose a danger to life, the parents of sick children and adults should be able to use an inhaler. A nurse is required to teach this . What is nursing care for bronchial asthma, we consider further.

Stages of the nursing process

It is necessary to observe with a disease such as bronchial asthma, care and nursing process in relation to the patient. This is the key to a speedy recovery and reduce the frequency of attacks of the disease.

I would like to note that nursing care can be:

• Addicted. The nurse follows the doctor’s instructions.
• Interdependent. The process is carried out by the entire medical team.
• Independent. The nurse acts independently.

Consider the stages of the nursing process in bronchial asthma:

1. Interviewing the patient and collecting information about the development of the disease. It is important to obtain the following data:

• In the case of children, parents or relatives are interviewed.
• Identification of concomitant pathologies in the patient.
• The presence of allergic diseases in parents or relatives.
• Drug intolerance.
• Find out how often seizures, wheezing, shortness of breath occur.
• The nature of coughing in the morning and night hours.

2. The patient is examined:

• Busy patient pose.
• The condition of the skin.
• Are there any wheezing?
• What is the nature of shortness of breath.

The nature of the heart rhythm.

At the end of the examination, blood pressure and pulse are measured.

3. Highlight the existing problems in the patient:

• Respiratory failure.
• Lack of appetite.
• Trouble sleeping.
• Is there shortness of breath.
• Cough with viscous sputum.
• Tachycardia. At the same time, the risk of developing pneumothorex, heart failure, emphysema, atelectasis increases.

4. Optimal care for the patient is planned, which is agreed with the attending physician.

5. Implementation of the plan, namely, nursing care for patients with asthma.

6. Assessment of the result of care, the forecast for the patient for the future.

Next, we consider the actions of a nurse in a hospital.

Nursing care for bronchial asthma in a hospital

In-patient nursing care should consist of the following items:

• Provide psychological support to the patient. Monitor compliance with the daily routine. To expand knowledge on bronchial asthma, its prevention and treatment features.
• It is necessary to organize the right diet and monitor compliance with the diet.
• Correctly organize the leisure of the patient.
• The room should be regularly wet cleaned, ventilated. This will significantly reduce the risk of developing seizures in the patient. Monitor regular linen changes.
  
• It is necessary to monitor compliance with hygiene rules.
• Carry out basic therapeutic procedures. Teach the rules for using an inhaler and an aerosol analyzer, as well as the methodology for picometrics. Accompany the patient for diagnostic procedures, as well as explain their significance and purpose. Warn parents and patients about the possible development of adverse reactions when taking medication.
• Monitor the treatment process. Recognize emerging complaints, adverse reactions, body temperature, heart rate, BH. And also monitor regularly the nature of coughing, shortness of breath. Timely respond to emerging adverse reactions to medications. All to inform the attending physician.

Nursing care for bronchial asthma will be effective at all stages.

Solving the problems of a patient with bronchial asthma

As indicated above, a patient with asthma has problems that threaten and complicate life, which being able to solve is the responsibility of a nurse. We list these problems again:

• Cough with sputum.
  
• Panic condition.
• Choking possible.
• The development of respiratory failure.
• The danger of hypoxia.

All these conditions are likely to be transferred with bronchial asthma. How to act in such situations, what is nursing care?

When coughing with sputum, the action should be as follows:

• Ensure the introduction of bronchodilators using a nebulizer.
• Promptly give mucolytics orally prescribed by a doctor.
• To assist in the use of an inhaler. May be Ambroxol, Acitilcysteine.
• Monitor secretion in critically ill patients.
• Record in the observation sheet: the frequency and characteristics of respiration, the color of the skin, the nature of the secret secretion.

Actions in case of panic in a patient with asthma.

At the beginning of an attack of patients, a feeling of panic and fear of suffocation are embraced. Nursing care consists of the following steps:

• Conduct a calm and convincing conversation by the patient, explain the mechanism of occurrence.
  
• Explain the principles of treatment and the possible consequences of pathology, but do not scare the patient.
• Reassure the patient at the time of the attack, sit next to him, talk.

Nursing care for bronchial asthma in children necessarily includes parenting. Control your emotions and calmly proceed with operational assistance. And also relieve stress in the child.

Next, consider nursing care in dealing with more complex situations.

Actions for suffocation and respiratory failure

The state of respiratory failure is characterized by increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and tachycardia attacks. Nursing care consists in controlling cardiac indices and normalizing them during the day. Control must be maintained after the attack for another hour. Perhaps the appointment of a doctor, "Nefidipina" or "Kordafen." It is impossible to appoint beta-blockers in such periods.

Choking is a rather dangerous condition for the patient. What is nursing care in such cases:

• Help a person to take a sitting position.
• Loosen the gate, free from tight clothing.
• Provide a good flow of air into the room.
• To carry out inhalation with the drug "Atrovent" for adults, for children use "Salbutamol".
• Only as prescribed by the doctor, enter "Eufillin."
• It is necessary to prepare an oxygen apparatus if the situation worsens.
  
• You can put mustard plasters if there is no allergic reaction to them.

If hypoxia is observed in the patient, the sister should conduct repeated oxygen inhalations. Observe the patient during the day. In a child with hypoxia, as a rule, blood pressure can greatly decrease. In this case, you must enter "Cordiamine" or "Etymizole" intramuscularly. After injections, it is important to monitor indicators such as pulse, pressure, temperature, respiration. Nursing care for bronchial asthma at the time of exacerbations plays the most important role, since there is a threat to the patient's life. The life of the patient depends on the behavior of the medical staff.

Features of Nursing Child Care

Nursing care for bronchial asthma in children is based on active work with parents:

• It is necessary to conduct a conversation with parents about the need for inpatient treatment. Also about the importance of fulfilling all the doctor’s prescriptions, about possible complications. Talk about observing a sparing regimen for the child, especially with regard to the respiratory system.
• Parents should promote their child’s diet.
• Mom and dad need to explain the importance of the emotional state of the baby. Nerve stress and strain increase the risk of developing an attack.
• If a child is undergoing treatment in a hospital, let his favorite books and toys be with him.
• It is necessary to exercise control over wet cleaning, ventilation, and hygiene procedures.
• It is important to train parents to use an inhaler and keep a diary of control over the condition of the child. When passing the procedures, the sister must be present and exercise control over their conduct.
• At the end of inpatient treatment, the nurse must explain to the child and parents the importance of following a diet, doctor's prescriptions and regular check-ups.

Bronchial asthma affects not only children, but also adults. Consider the features of caring for them.

Features of Nursing Adult Care

Nursing care for asthma in adults is as follows:

• Ensuring patient compliance.
• Ventilate and wet the room in a timely manner.
• The effectiveness of treatment should be maintained by observing a hypoallergenic diet, monitor what relatives bring to the patient, and have a conversation with them on this subject to rule out any allergens.
• Conduct regular observations and record them in a special journal. For heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, skin color, respiratory rate.
• Train to use a pocket inhaler.
  
• Talk about the importance of wet cleaning indoors, dieting, and the dangers of smoking.
• Teach you how to do breathing exercises.

Emergency care for an attack

An attack can begin unexpectedly and quickly develop. Shortness of breath appears, the skin turns blue, breathing becomes wheezing, noisy.

The actions of the sister in such cases are as follows:

• First of all, ensure the flow of air.
• Introduce intravenously "Eufillin" with isotonic solution of "Sodium chloride".
• It is necessary to find out how many times the patient has used the inhaler, and which, so as not to worsen the patient's condition due to an overdose of the drug.
• If the pulse is higher than 90 beats per minute, it is necessary to administer Strofantin, Korglikon subcutaneously, or Ephedrine intramuscularly.
• Carry out inhalation with the drug Astmopent, Salbutamol.
• Inhalation with moistened oxygen.
• Regularly measure the pulse, monitor cough, sputum discharge, respiration and blood pressure.

The nurse must administer all drugs strictly as prescribed by the doctor. If the attack is delayed, and the therapy does not have the desired effect, this condition is called asthmatic status.

Asthmatic status

This is an attack of suffocation in a protracted form. This condition is also characterized by such signs:

• Respiratory failure.
• Bronchodilators do not have the desired effect.
• The breath is noisy.
• Cyanosis of the skin and mucous membrane.
• Puffiness of the face.
• Blood pressure is low, with tachycardia.
• You can also notice the inhibition of the patient.

With such symptoms, urgent resuscitation of the patient is necessary. Nursing care for bronchial asthma in intensive care is as follows:

• Prohibit the use of a pocket inhaler.
• Conduct oxygen therapy.
• Conduct infusion therapy.
• Introduce Euffilin intravenously.
• "Heparin" intravenously.
• "Prednisadolum" intravenously every 4 hours.

Features of nursing care for bronchial asthma are the ability to remain calm, follow the instructions of the doctor, and prevent a state of panic in the patient. Also, the sister should be able to handle innovative technical means and apply new techniques in helping.

In order to carry out resuscitation, she must have a special education.

The goal of nursing care for asthma

A very important role is played by nursing care for patients with asthma. It is the nurse who observes, noticing and recording all the changes. Let us single out several goals in which nursing care consists:

• Reduce or eliminate nighttime seizures.
• Eliminate emergency calls.
• Exacerbations to a minimum.
• Normalize lung function.
• Reduce the risk of adverse reactions from anti-asthma drugs.
• Achieve a long period of remission.

Goals are achieved with the competent implementation of all stages of nursing care for a patient with asthma. It is very important.

The principles of nursing care for asthma are as follows:

• Improving the quality of life of the patient.
• Relief.
• Preparing the patient for possible research methods.
• Compliance with medical prescriptions.
• Elimination of external irritants.
• Prevention of nervous excitement and overwork.
• Help in adaptation in society.
• Conducting preventive measures of exacerbation of the disease.

The article shows how important nursing care for bronchial asthma is. Medicine does not stand still, methods of treating the disease are being improved. Developed training programs for relieving seizures for children and parents. They significantly reduce the number of exacerbations, about 2.5 times. This improves the quality of life of patients and increases the effectiveness of treatment.