Blood biochemistry (the norm is presented in a special table) represents a method of laboratory research aimed at assessing the work of internal organs and determining the lack of trace elements in the human body. This analysis is used in various branches of medicine, ranging from therapy to gynecology.
It is important here that a blood test makes it possible to determine malfunctioning of organs at a time when there are still no external symptoms, and their structure has not been affected, that is, when the disorders are functional in nature.
When blood biochemistry is performed (norms are determined by the table), the patient takes 5-10 milliliters of venous blood (in the area of ββthe elbow joint), where its main components are determined, by which its state of health is assessed.
This analysis allows the study of the following indicators: proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, pigments, as well as vitamins, inorganic substances and nitrogenous low molecular weight substances.
In medicine, there are certain standards of blood biochemistry, presented in the number of indicators that should be in the blood of a person of a certain gender and age category. That is, for a certain age category and a certain gender, there are their own norm indicators. These norms are established indicators of healthy people, therefore, any deviations from them are considered as symptoms of various malfunctions in the body, in particular its systems and organs.
Let us consider in more detail such a research method as blood biochemistry (norm and deviation for men and women), in particular each of its indicators.
1. Carbohydrates (fructose, glucose). This indicator depends on the blood sugar. The norm is considered to be: glucose - from 3.5 to 5.5 mmol / l for women and men, fructosamine - from 205 to 285 micromol / l.
Blood biochemistry allows you to detect a disease such as diabetes and various diseases of the endocrine system. Thus, an increase in glucose may indicate the development of diabetes mellitus, and may also occur with thyrotoxicosis, acromegaly, emotional stress, Cushing's syndrome, pancreatitis, or pancreatic tumor.
A decrease in glucose may indicate starvation, tumor development, impaired endocrine gland function, as well as poisoning, galactosemia, etc.
2. Pigments (bilirubin - general and direct). The norm is considered to be: bilirubin - from 5 to 20 ΞΌmol / l., Direct bilirubin - from 0 to 3.5 ΞΌmol / l.
This indicator makes it possible to identify the cause of jaundice, as well as to assess the severity of the disease. An increase in bilirubin may indicate the development of cancer, hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholecystitis.
3. Lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride). Blood biochemistry (normal): cholesterol - from 3 to 6 mmol / l., Triglycerides - depending on age, indicators can vary. So, for women from 0.34 to 2.9 mmol / L, and for men from 0.40 to 2.71 mmol / L.
A change in these indicators may indicate the development of hepatitis, obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, alcoholism, and liver pathology.
4. Inorganic substances, vitamins. Potassium is considered to be the norm - from 4 to 5.5 mmol / L, sodium - from 36 to 145 mmol / L, and also calcium - from 2 to 2.5 mmol / L. Chlorine - from 98 to 107 mmol / L., Also phosphorus - from 1.5 to 2 mmol / L., And iron - from 7.16 to 30.43 mmol / L. and magnesium - from 0.65 to 1.05 mmol / l.,
Various deviations from the norm may indicate the development of osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, heart failure, alcoholism, etc.
5. Nitrogenous substances (urea, as well as uric acid and creatinine). Blood biochemistry (normal): urea - from 2.5 to 6.4 mmol / l., Uric acid - from 150 to 350 mmol / l., Creatinine - 53-97 mmol / l (women), 62-115 mmol / l (men).
Any deviations from the norm can be considered as indicators of impaired renal, urinary tract function, toxicosis of pregnant women and others.