It is well known that every citizen of Russia is required to obtain a compulsory medical insurance policy. It is with his help that he can receive various forms of medical care for free, since the state compensates all costs by declaring medicine in the country, thus free. However, as you know, such a policy does not affect the entire range of problems. Therefore, it is important to know exactly what types, conditions and forms of medical care exist in the Russian Federation that any resident of the country can count on. It is about this issue that will be discussed in this article.
The concept
Before you begin to analyze the existing conditions and forms of medical care in the country, you should give a concept to this term. In fact, it is quite comprehensive, and therefore there is no single definition covering all aspects. However, at the legislative level, it is argued that medical care is a set of measures that are aimed exclusively at maintaining and restoring people's health. Including it includes the provision of a range of medical services that are required for this. That is why one more important question arises, but what is a medical service?
Medical service concept
Currently, in the broad sense of the term “medical services”, scientists mean medical intervention, or a whole range of similar measures that are intended for the prevention, timely diagnosis and competent treatment of an existing disease. Including rehabilitation. Such interventions should be carried out exclusively by medical personnel or other persons who have permission to provide medical care. It is aimed exclusively at the patient and may affect both his physical and mental state.
The legislative framework
At the moment, the Constitution, that is, the country's main law, clearly states that every citizen of any age, nationality, status and financial situation has the right to various types and forms of medical care. This rule is undeniable and is valid throughout the country. In addition to this issue, one should pay attention to two more regulatory acts - No. 323- "On the Basics of Health Care" dated November 2011, as well as various State Guarantee Programs for providing Russian citizens with free medical care in various regions of the country. It is with their help that one can find out where the opportunities of citizens to receive various forms of medical care for the population begin and end, so that they can fully use their own civil rights.
Types of medical care
Based on existing laws, doctors can provide the following types of medical care, which are widely practiced in the Russian Federation:
1. Primary care.
2. Specialized and high-tech assistance.
3. Ambulance, including specialized ambulance.
4. Palliative care.
Now let's try to understand them in more detail.
In-depth understanding
Before moving on to understanding the various forms of medical care, you should understand its existing types.
1. Under primary health care is understood the basic system of medical services, including pre-medical. It includes the following set of measures: prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation. At the same time, this concept also includes the formation of public opinion and the education of the population on sanitary and hygienic issues. In addition, doctors are also required under this program to monitor the course of pregnancy.
2. Specialized care is required to be provided by specialist doctors with a narrow profile, which directly includes the disease. Such help usually requires special methods and the use of modern technologies for diagnosis and treatment. To solve the problem, new treatment methods are often used, up to genetic engineering and other scientific achievements.
3. Any ambulance is provided to citizens if immediate medical attention is required in case of injuries, accidents, poisonings or other situations that require this.
4. Palliative intervention is complex, it is intended to relieve a person of pain or to alleviate other symptoms of severe diseases. They are not so much aimed at the complete cure of the disease, but at improving their quality of life, when modern medicine can no longer help.
First aid, which is provided on the spot, generally does not apply to types of medical care, since it can be provided by persons who are not medical workers, but simply who have completed the necessary training course.
Forms
Currently, the following actions are and are widely recognized as forms of medical care:
- emergency form - it means medical care provided exclusively in the presence of sudden dangerous health conditions that do not endanger the patient’s life;
- the emergency form of medical care is understood to mean a set of medical actions aimed at the patient in the presence of sudden acute diseases or conditions, as well as exacerbations of chronic diseases, which, by their signs, can threaten the life of the patient;
- the planned form is intended for preventive measures, as well as for diseases that cannot threaten the patient’s life, and also do not require emergency or emergency care. Such illnesses should not, due to delay, harm health or otherwise worsen a person’s condition.
Terms of care
Regardless of the type and form of medical care, there are a number of conditions defined by law, on which they directly depend.
1. Assistance can be provided outside the medical organization by calling an ambulance or in mobile transport during medical evacuation. Other types of help than ambulance are impossible.
2. On an outpatient basis, that is, situations where the disease does not require round-the-clock observation by doctors, but can occur at home. Also, under this condition, a physician’s home call is suitable. It is impossible to provide specialized and high-tech types of assistance.
3. Day hospital - a human disease requires medical supervision, however, only in the daytime, therefore, round-the-clock monitoring is unnecessary. Doctors are not allowed to provide emergency or palliative care.
4. In stationary conditions, that is, in those cases when the human condition requires round-the-clock observation and treatment to normalize well-being. Doctors do not provide primary health care.
Principles of medical care
Any form of medical care must be provided, based on a number of the following principles:
- timeliness of medical intervention;
- the speed and accuracy of the actions, however, they must be decisive and calm, without medical errors;
- all actions of doctors should be correct and expedient, it is impossible to treat at random without making a clear diagnosis;
- doctors should provide assistance in their focus, and it is also desirable to act prophylactically, preventing the development of the disease;
- medicine should be accessible, however, with this, a clear distribution of patients in the areas is mandatory;
- long-term treatment, often requiring more than one doctor, should be carried out on the basis of continuity and staging.
As you can see, there are a huge variety of different types, forms and conditions under which the provision of medical care takes place in the Russian Federation. You should clearly know your list of rights in order to receive the most comprehensive range of assistance in the necessary situation.