One of the most difficult languages is Russian. Most of his words are not spelled as pronounced. Therefore, difficulties in spelling are experienced not only by foreigners studying the Russian language, but also by people who have spoken it since childhood. As soon as the child begins to learn to write, he is immediately faced with the need to learn different spelling rules, that is, spelling. Only with their application is it possible to competently write in Russian. Therefore, with the concept of what a spelling is, a schoolboy meets already in the first grade.
Spelling Signs
In order to write correctly, it is not enough to know what a spelling is, you need to be able to find it in words and apply it correctly. For this, the student must be taught to recognize its signs. After all, spelling is not in all words, but only in those where the sound is in a weak position. This is the place at the end of a word, in a concourse of consonants, the unstressed position of a vowel sound or a vowel after hissing,
compound words and some other cases. For example, “yes,” “zu
b ,” “sch astier,” “
yellow,” or “self
o yo.”
Spelling Types
After the spelling position is found in the word, it is necessary to determine the conditions for choosing the correct spelling. Usually it depends on the part of speech, the place of sound in the word, or on the meaning of the word itself. In accordance with this, different types of spelling are distinguished. For example, the spelling of unstressed vowels in the root of the word, in prefixes, endings after hissing, the spelling of consonants, the merged and separate spelling of “no” and neither “, and many others. In total, 70 spelling books are studied. But even having learned them all by heart, not everyone the child can apply and write them correctly.
The greatest difficulty is the spelling of vowels at the root of the words. It is very difficult to determine by ear that a spelling is present in this place. The words,
which you need to remember are collected in a spelling dictionary. There are a lot of them, and rarely anyone knows them all. In addition, new words constantly appear in the Russian language, the spelling of which also needs to be memorized. It is also very difficult to remember the correct spelling of terms and words of foreign origin. For example, “hockey”, “coalition”, “legitimate” and many others.
The difficulty in learning the Russian language is also that there are exceptions to most of the rules. Therefore, it is desirable to learn all of them by heart. For example, the spelling of vowels after hissing, "n" and "nn" in suffixes or dictionary words. They do not give in to the spelling rules of the words “parachute”, “windy” or “dawn”.
How to use spelling when writing
Therefore, even if the student knows what the spelling is and learned all of them, this still does not guarantee that he will write correctly. The most difficult thing is for foreigners studying Russian. Indeed, for the correct use of spelling, you need to understand the intricacies of the lexical meaning of words, to be able to distinguish morphemes in them, to determine the part of speech to which the word belongs. For example, the choice of a vowel in such combinations depends on the meaning of the word: “sing a song” or “drink a medicine”. Also very important
pronounce the word correctly. Often the choice of the right letter when writing depends on this. For example, after sizzling in the suffixes and endings of nouns and adjectives, “o” is written under stress - as it is pronounced: “hook”, “fluff”, “cumaceous”.
Why do most students, after graduating from school, make mistakes in words? After all, they know what a spelling is, they can tell the rules, but they can’t apply them. Many simply do not see the place where you can make a mistake. Indeed, in order to determine the place of the spelling in a word, you need to know the rules of the Russian language: to be able to distinguish parts of speech, determine the grammatical and lexical meaning of words and disassemble words by composition. In addition, students need to develop a phonetic ear so that they can immediately hear in which position the sound is, where the stress falls, and whether there are separating “b” and “b” in the word.