Novocainic blockade is a widely used method related to non-specific therapy. With this method of treatment, the Novocain solution is injected into various tissues. He is able to remove irritation in the focus of pathology, turn off peripheral innervation. The result of this drug exposure is pain relief. Along with this, Novocain is able to improve tissue trophism. To enhance the analgesic effect, drugs “Lidocaine”, “Dicaine” or “Trimecaine” are often added to the novocaine solution, and to prolong its action - gelatin solution (8%), blood substitute solutions, ethyl alcohol. In some cases, vitamins and antibiotics are added to this solution.
Novocainic blockade comes in several forms:
- cervical vagosympathetic, affecting the vagus, sympathetic and phrenic nerves;
- short, acting directly on the tissue of the painful focus;
- perinephral (lumbar or perinephric), covering the nerve plexuses in the retroperitoneal region;
- case (on the limbs), which aims to change the conductivity of nerves in different parts of the limbs;
- presacral, which blocks the sacral, hypogastric, and coccygeal plexuses;
- intra-arterial / intravenous, causing a slight irritation of the receptors and having a reflex effect through them on the disease;
- abdominal, performed after operations on the internal organs of the peritoneum;
- cardiovascular, intended for the treatment of coronary disease.
Among the other most commonly used types of novocaine blockade are paravertebral intradermal, intraosseous, sinusocarotid reflex zones, celiac nerves with the help of creeping infiltrate.
Novocainic blockade also occurs locally - the sciatic nerve, spermatic cord.
Under the influence of the Novocain preparation, the following sequence of sensations is observed: cold, warmth, pain, sensation of pressure. Novocainic blockade has a rather complex mechanism of influence on nerve tissue. Motor nerves come under the influence of novocaine in large doses and much later. The local effect of Novocaine solution ceases when it is absorbed and when it enters the circulatory system. Small doses of this medication well increase the tone of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, enhance motility, improve heart function and speed up breathing.
Novocainic blockade is used in such cases:
- acute necrosis, inflammatory diseases that have not passed into sepsis;
- blood transfusion or traumatic shock ;
- disorders of the tone of organs with cavities (spasms of the ureters, biliary tract, intestines);
- disorders of vascular tone;
- some trophic disorders;
- pain of unknown etiology in the peritoneum;
- frostbite, burns.
Novocainic blockade in the acute form of the disease is repeated every 5-7 days, in chronic - every 10-12 days.
Contraindications include:
- chronic irreversible processes, terminal conditions, advanced peritonitis, inoperable malignant neoplasms;
- completed forms of inflammatory diseases (abscess, thrombophlebitis);
- processes that affect vital organs (gangrene in the lungs, septic endocarditis of the heart).
- inflammatory diseases, the cause of which is not eliminated (foreign bodies, scars, sequesters).
In addition to using the solution for local anesthesia, rectal suppositories with novocaine are also used. They are prescribed for spasmodic conditions of smooth muscles of the intestine.
As a rule, this drug is well tolerated, but sometimes it also causes side effects: dizziness, general weakness, shock, decreased blood pressure, collapse. Allergy to novocaine is extremely rare, but with its introduction, skin reactions such as peeling and dermatitis can be observed.