Until recently, the education system in our state had a single, understandable structure. There was compulsory education, a system of vocational schools and technical schools, and higher educational institutions. Over the past one and a half to two decades, everything has changed significantly. There were lyceums, colleges, academies, universities that were not previously known, while the usual schools and technical schools were preserved. How to understand this variety? Which institutions guarantee the receipt of a diploma of higher education, and in which it is possible to obtain the necessary skills and pass secondary vocational training? Let us dwell on the first stage and consider what constitutes a secondary specialized education.
Education of this level is provided by educational institutions, better known as schools and technical schools (today they often act as lyceums and colleges). According to the existing provisions in the education system, these institutions are obliged to implement training programs that provide a sufficient level of knowledge, professional skills and the necessary working skills that secondary specialized education requires.
In case of successful completion of the curriculum and labor practice, graduates receive a diploma of the established standard, confirming the level of education and specialty of the graduate. If, for certain reasons, the student has
not completed training, but at the same time has been studying for at least six months and successfully passed the final certification in the working specialty, a certificate of qualification may be issued to him.
Any citizen of the country can receive this type of education, subject to a number of conditions:
- a certificate of general compulsory secondary / complete education or primary vocational;
- the presence of a certificate of secondary vocational or higher education (training in an abbreviated program).
The number of students in budget departments who are taught in secondary specialized educational institutions for free and provide scholarships is limited by the state quota. Outside the competition, the following may be enrolled:
- children left without parental care and orphans;
- persons with disabilities of groups I and II, as well as children with disabilities, if training in an institution of this type is not contraindicated for them;
- citizens of the country under the age of 20 who are dependent on a disabled parent of a non-working group, while the average monthly income of a family does not exceed the threshold of a living wage adopted in the country;
- other categories of citizens for whom extraordinary enrollment is provided.
In addition, the winners of the All-Russian Olympiads in specialized subjects, military personnel who have performed military service, children of military personnel who died during counter-terrorism operations, and other categories of citizens, the list of which is approved by the current legislation of the country, have a preemptive right of entry.
The state guarantee for the opportunity to receive specialized secondary education extends free of charge to applicants receiving this education for the first time under all of the above conditions. However, if desired, the profession can be obtained on a paid basis.
Currently, the popularity of working professions, and, consequently, educational institutions, the program of which allows you to get a secondary specialized education, has grown significantly. This is due to the increase and development of industry, large-scale construction projects (for example, the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric station in the Krasnoyarsk Territory).
According to statistics, workers today are in high demand in the labor market. The following directions are considered the most popular:
- construction and metalworking;
- woodworking industry ;
- adjustment of equipment and road construction;
- auto mechanics and plastering, painting, as well as finishing work.
Moreover, students who have received specialized secondary education in 65% (!) Percent of cases are successfully employed in the first year after graduation and work in their specialty. More than 10% continue their studies at universities in the country.