Lomonosov in the literature of the 18th century was one of the most prominent figures. However, as in many other areas. An amazing person by the power of talent and his universalism is Lomonosov. In literature, physics, mechanics, metallurgy, chemistry, geography, astronomy, linguistics - everywhere he left his mark, made many discoveries. We invite you to get acquainted with the contribution that he made to verbal creativity.
Education Lomonosov, a feature of creativity
His education was encyclopedic. Lomonosov knew Greek and Latin, various European languages, was familiar with the ancient heritage and world literature. Mikhail Vasilievich, in addition, was strong in natural sciences and Church Slavonic books. All this makes him involved in almost all cultural spheres of his time. It is also noteworthy that his work, being a synthesis of the achievements of Russian, European and ancient societies, is deeply national.
The fight against "foreigners"
Lomonosov in literature and the Russian language has carried out many reforms and transformations. One of them was the fight against "foreigners." Mikhail Vasilyevich noted that the Russian language is heavily clogged with various foreign words, as well as dilapidated, obsolete Church Slavonic expressions. He decided to purify him, to reveal his wealth. Lomonosov planned to develop a literary language on a folk basis. He took the path of combining valuable in Russian and Slavic languages.
The struggle of Mikhail Vasilyevich with "foreigners" played a big role. Thanks to her, the Russian national language was strengthened. Lomonosov was an expert in many languages and a brilliant scientist. He was able to find suitable Russian words for scientific concepts. So Mikhail Vasilievich laid the foundation for a scientific and technical dictionary. Many scientific expressions compiled by him are firmly in use and are used today.
The "Ornate Syllable" by Lomonosov
The "ornate syllable" that Lomonosov used in literature is not the result of "antique vaccinations" of his native language, as in the writings of Trediakovsky. This is a natural attempt to rethink the achievements of ancient Russian literature in difficult periods for it. We are talking about the late 14th - early 15th century, as well as the second half of the 17th century. For these times, a characteristic desire to revive the culture of literary and poetic creativity. During these periods, the style of "weaving words" appears, complicating the syllable. Lomonosov in literature actually attempts to continue what Epiphanius the Wise once tried to implement, and after some time - Evfimiy Chudovsky, Epiphanius Slavinetsky and his other predecessors.
The fact that Mikhail Vasilyevich was very respectful of Old Russian literature is evidenced by his intention to create a dictionary, which should include words drawn from the Novgorod annals and annals of Nestor. In addition, he decided to write a special work devoted to the Slovenian language and what can be taken from it and used in a letter.
Theory of Lomonosov's styles
Lomonosov in literature made an attempt to reform the “classical” theory of the three styles adopted at that time. She did not satisfy him. He wanted to understand the old styles from ancient documents and works. Lomonosov introduced the concepts of the following styles: pyitic, rhetorical, simple, diaskalic and historical. Often they complemented each other. Mikhail Vasilievich turned to the "ornate style." His work "Rhetoric", published in 1748, contains a chapter dedicated to him. It says that ornate speeches are sentences in which the predicate and the subject are conjugated in an “extraordinary” way and thus constitute something “pleasant” and “important”. So, the greatness and splendor of the language of Lomonosov is understood as a continuation of the ancient Russian literary traditions.
The value of poetic works of Lomonosov
Lomonosov did a great deal for Russian literature . The contribution to his literature is so great that we can say that it is with him that Russian literature begins. This was noted by Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich, a famous critic. In his article entitled "Literary Dreams," he gave such an assessment of his work. And one cannot disagree with this opinion. Not only the work of creating the Russian national artistic language, but also with his poetic creations, M.V. Lomonosov opened a new page in literature. And not only in it.
We can say that Lomonosov, whose contribution to the literature was invaluable, opened a new stage in the history of all Russian culture. In his activity, he strove to free culture from class limitations. Lomonosov also sought to ensure that it was not connected with the church. Mikhail Lomonosov wanted to build a nationwide culture.
Classicism in the work of Mikhail Vasilyevich
In Russian literature, the 2nd half of the 18th century is the era of classicism. The literature created in the framework of this trend is intended to reflect life not as it is, but in ideal manifestations. She should give role models. All creations of classicism were divided into 3 styles. Their language, themes and genres corresponded to each of them.
Literary heritage of Lomonosov
The name of Mikhail Vasilyevich is closely connected with the development of this direction in our country. What are the merits of such a poet as Lomonosov in literature? Briefly describe his contribution. The poet for his creative life has created many works in various genres. Epigrams, inscriptions, messages, idylls, and fables belong to his pen. In addition, Mikhail Vasilyevich turned to satire. What else did Lomonosov do in literature? Briefly describing his contribution, we can say that he created 2 tragedies and tried himself in "light poetry". However, it was ode that was his favorite genre.
Ode as a genre
This genre in classicism belongs to the high style. Oda should sing an important state person or event, magnify a particular event that has occurred in the life of the country. This genre should be written in a "solemn" language. There are many rhetorical figures and various paths in the ode.
This genre was especially often referred to by Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov in literature. The content of od in the works of Lomonosov is determined by those socio-political views that the poet professed. For the most part, the theme of the works of Mikhail Vasilyevich was heroic-patriotic.
The main topics of od Lomonosov
The theme of the homeland is central to the odes of Lomonosov. The poet does not get tired of singing the greatness of Russia, the immensity and vastness of its open spaces, the abundance of its wealth. For example, in the ode of 1748, a magnificent image of nature was created. This work, dedicated to the accession to the throne of Elizabeth Petrovna, is a great contribution of Lomonosov to literature. Its summary is reduced to a description of the bounty of the monarch.
The author notes that under Elizabeth "silence" is unbreakable. In the work we find the personified image of nature, which stretches its legs on the steppe, turns its cheerful gaze and calculates "around contentment", resting its elbow on the Caucasus.
For the Fatherland to become prosperous, it is necessary that all sections of the population work hard and hard. One of the main topics in the odes of Mikhail Vasilievich is the topic of labor. Enlightenment and science must certainly accompany him. Care should be taken to create cadres of Russian scientists, as Mikhail Lomonosov claimed in the literature.
Mikhail Vasilievich believed that peace was necessary for the prosperity of sciences and enlightenment. In many of his odes there is a demand to end the war. He calls for a "beloved silence." So Mikhail Vasilyevich calls peace between nations, suppression of reaction, end of contention within the country.
Thus, he praises the greatness of nature and the Russian people in his works, advocates the development of science and enlightenment, and calls for progress in industry, trade and crafts. Mikhail Vasilyevich convinces the reader that it is necessary to develop the natural resources of Russia. He praises the victories of the fatherland on the battlefields.
Advocacy
The content of the od is determined by the fact that they have a propaganda focus. Lomonosov advocated enlightened absolutism. He was sure that only an enlightened monarch could implement the program of transformations in the country. Therefore, the theme of the country's statesmen plays an important role in Lomonosov’s work. The poet puts his innermost thoughts on how to equip Russia into the lips of wise rulers who care about the interests of the nation.
The ideal of an "enlightened monarch"
The ideal of an "enlightened monarch" was most fully expressed in his work in the image of Peter I. Lomonosov believed that his work was an example to follow. He urged the successors of Peter I to continue his undertakings.
Features od Lomonosov
Lomonosov built his odes on the principle of oratory. They are characterized by an abundance of hyperbole, metaphors, exclamations, allegories, unexpected comparisons, etc. The poet also uses Slavic and ancient Greek mythological images.
All of the above features give a solemnly monumental and at the same time deeply lyrical character to his odes. They are outstanding examples of classicism.
So, we described Lomonosov 's contribution to literature and the Russian language briefly. However, this is only a small part of his legacy. As we said, he left his mark in many sciences. He was a man with diverse interests and talents. His legacy is still being studied, including what Lomonosov did in literature. His biography is included in the training course in a number of subjects.