In case of detection in women of any pathologies, defects or abnormalities of uterine development, as well as uterine bleeding of unknown origin, with malfunctions in the menstrual cycle, infertility, it is necessary to immediately study the uterine cavity. If we analyze the number of malignant lesions of the female genital organs, then the main percentage will be uterine cancer. It is not possible for everyone to identify it at the initial stage, since this requires regular visits to the gynecologist, and this, unfortunately, is not observed by all. At the slightest suspicion or doubt, the gynecologist prescribes the taking of an aspirate from the uterine cavity. As a result of this study, the attending physician receives comprehensive information about the uterine endometrium, and on the basis of this material a final diagnosis is established and individual patient treatment is prescribed.
Nowadays, aspirate from the uterine cavity can be taken even in clinics (antenatal clinics), which will allow the gynecologist to have an idea of the pathological processes taking place in the uterine cavity in a short time. A cytological examination of this process is the most important diagnostic method that allows timely detection of cancer at its early preclinical stage, as well as providing differential diagnosis between a malignant neoplasm and other endometrial conditions.
Until now, aspirate from the uterine cavity could be taken using a Brown syringe (pipel). Pipel has the appearance of a plastic catheter with a length of three hundred millimeters and an outer diameter of three millimeters. Its final part, directly inserted into the uterine cavity, is tightly sealed, and on the side there is an opening having a diameter of two millimeters. Inside there is a metal conductor.
Naturally, the sterility of the instruments must be observed, and they must also be dry, since contact with formalin, disinfectant or water can significantly damage endometrial cells. Pipel is inserted to the bottom of the uterine cavity. Then, the piston is slowly pulled back while the cannula moves along the surface of the uterine cavity, more precisely, its mucous membrane, while the tube angles are necessarily captured. When the metal piston is pulled back, it gives the impression of suction to the walls of the uterus, and through the opening of the catheter, the cellular material is removed into the pipe. It is necessary to make two or three such pulling movements. Before removing the instrument, the retraction of the piston is stopped so that cells from the vagina and cervical canal do not get into the cavity of the syringe.
The aspirate from the uterine cavity is applied in a thin layer on two dry fat-free sterile glasses. Its thickness is not more than one and a half millimeters. The material must be applied in an amount of at least two-thirds of the surface of the glass. If the obtained cellular material is too tightly fixed in the internal walls of the pipe, then the instrument is washed in a bottle containing a solution of furacilin. Then the vial is closed with a stopper and delivered to the cytology laboratory.
Fence materials must be delivered to the laboratory strictly within three days.
Under modern conditions, an aspirate is taken using new, improved Italian-made cannulas, as well as US-made vacuum syringes. This procedure is carried out in the following order. Initially, disinfecting treatment of the genitals is performed. Then, using the mirror, the cervix is exposed, captured by bullet forceps, and the depth of the uterine cavity is determined using a special probe. After this, the aspirate from the uterine cavity is taken using a cannula and a vacuum syringe. After reprocessing, the aspirate is sent to the laboratory for research.
Another method for studying the endometrium is curettage of the uterine cavity, but it is more traumatic for the lining of the uterine layer. The whole procedure takes about three minutes, while the patient may experience slight pain, but if desired, anesthesia is performed.