Dictionaries define the meaning of the word "vulgarism" as derived from French vulgarisme, which has the Latin root vulgaris, meaning "simple, ordinary." This term is often found in biology: this is the name of many plants and animals. Vulgarisms in the language come from the vocabulary of marginals, the slang of some professions, the slang of youth and the slang of the underworld. They are used by the representatives of the underground, who have shocked the society, or people who have fallen.
It is unlikely that anyone would want to feel at the lowest level of the social ladder. But with regard to the words chosen, the opposite situation is developing: more and more media use vulgarism in print and on air. Examples of such performances are shown by politicians, hosts of shows, famous singers, musicians and actors. In many ways, this is a conscious choice, aimed at exaggerating.
What are vulgarisms?
In a conversation with friends or co-workers, it would never occur to anyone to utter book words, no matter how beautiful they may be. This may be considered hypocrisy, insincerity, or the repetition of someone’s opinion. They can even be considered an upstart, putting themselves above others. Ordinary speech is characterized by some simplification. For comparison: a book hero can eat "unearthly dishes." A restaurant visitor will express his admiration for the words: "I've never eaten so deliciously." Or even simpler: “They cook well in such a restaurant, I liked everything.”
But there are even more stylistically reduced forms of speech called vulgarisms. Examples of words that have literary synonyms:
- To die - to spread, die, glue fins, skate discard, roam, run out, move away, discard hooves, grunt, give oak, cut oak, stop blinking, stretch legs, play in a box, move horses, squint.
- To make a mistake is to inject, screw it up, get the rams tangled, screw up, burst.
- Failure - past the cash register, a jamb, blockage, full of seams, bummer, krants, zapadlo, kapets, bad weather, popalovo, shnyaga, bezmaznyak.
- Happiness - raspberries, fart, lafa.
- Face - mug, muzzle, snout, muzzle, pack, reflector.
- Parents - strokes, moles, shoelaces, shards.
- Friends - brothers, friends, kents, sidekick, corefan.
- There is - to eat, bite, scrub, hawt, refuel, chop, stuff the belly, work with your mouth, sham, pechter, hamster.
Even an inexperienced literary person can immediately distinguish such words from those accepted in society. No one will teach them children, no one will contact the government representative with their help - this is a gross violation of speech etiquette and can in some cases be considered an insult.
Literary vocabulary
What are literary words, everyone knows. This is a competent speech, which is considered the standard in communication. Usually it is not difficult for an educated person to express themselves in literary language, speaking with a report, presentation, negotiating, writing a resume or congratulation to a colleague.
Along with this lexical layer there is non-literary vocabulary, which is usually divided into four groups. They include:
- Professionalisms are special words that explain a narrow circle of people in various professions.
- Jargonisms are words of communication of a social group or other community of people incomprehensible to others.
- Slang - some words that have passed from previous groups, used in different groups of people. Slang is divided into professional and social.
- Vulgarisms are rude words used in vernacular. They also include indecent and obscene forms, blasphemous expressions, curses, taboo words. These are gross insults on religious, gender or racial grounds, including swear words.
If the first three groups are isolated by a certain circle of carriers of the lexical layer, then the fourth is not subject to any restrictions. Consider how a vulgar word penetrates into a conversation.
What is characterized by spoken language
In the conversation, vernaculars are often found, which are used partly for expressive coloring, partly because of the lack of education of the speaker. The use of such words and expressions is found in a single form, to create color in the story. Such a speech is typical of the stand-up genre, in which the speaker’s thoughts are not smoothed out, are transferred “as is” and therefore abound in vernaculars: to turn around, lie in the ass, shabby, like a lady, can you, count, be stunned, nafig, hey hatched, pokeda.
Another thing is vulgarism. Vulgar speech depicts things and phenomena in a negative, derogatory light. Examples of vulgarisms: cattle, gopota, sheep, goat, schmuck, sucker, stumble, spindent, heifer, slobber, towers. Often they resort to them in order to insult a person, to exert moral pressure on him.
Such vernacular vulgarism as "eat" is very common. Interestingly, in German, this word is applicable only to animals and is considered literary.
When a writer uses non-literary expressions
Mikhail Zoshchenko often used non-literary speech in stories. He carried words from the streets, putting them in the mouth of his characters. When a third-person text is in the work, it does not use vulgarisms.
The words of the representatives of the intelligentsia were chosen by him in the spirit of the times: along with the usual turns in speech, there are clericalism. At that time, literate people came from the middle class, who before the revolution served as clerks or clerks. The old-regime intelligentsia left the country, taking with them spoken language. And the new one has not yet learned the fine art of salon conversation. Examples of the expressions of his characters: disturbing riots, dumb animal, crouch, mordovorot, a kind of frya, no murmur, dragging that pike, bourgeois is uncut, the tooth shines in the mouth, it rolls around, it is embarrassed to bite over, does not allow hugging, quite disgusting on your part, do not drive.
When the writer was asked why he was distorting the Russian language, he replied that there was a huge gap between literature and people from the street, and he considered it his duty to fill it at least temporarily.
Bernard Shaw on Vulgarisms: Examples
The play "Pygmalion" was created to show the change in the worldview of a simple girl, which occurs along with the purification of her speech from vulgar words. Previously, before training, she could say: “Where are you going to go?”, “Drive a coin”, “Fuck a glass”, “Take it and start it”.
After several months of training and talking with gentlemen and a lady, she began to express her thoughts in completely different words, doing it not only competently, but even elegantly: "The poor boy loves me. With sweet words you will not achieve anything. At least I will remain independent."
Until now, this play is relevant, and it is loved by many people who had to change their emphasis.
The extreme degree of vulgarism
Among non-literary words and phrases there are those that are divided into indecent and obscene words. If indecent words can be put into the mouth of a character by a writer for characterization, obscenity is a taboo in society. These include obscene words, expressions, speech turns and their derivatives.
According to philologists, vulgarisms are all indecent and obscene forms. In another way, it is called a lexical layer with vulgar expression. This is a conscious coarsening of speech that applies to all professions, social strata and religions. These are obscene words - obscene, obscene, vile. They act as an uncontrolled reaction of an individual to an unexpected situation.
Freedom of choice does not remove liability
The famous singer sent obscene parents to his fans in correspondence over the Internet. Possible consequences - five years in prison under the Russian Criminal Code. It is sad that some do not understand the norms of communication; the extreme degrees of vulgarisms are considered acceptable for use. Thus, they show that they do not hesitate to use dirty words, are not shy and even flaunt it.
Sometimes literary speech does not reach them, they simply do not know such words and may even be offended by the hero Frunzik Mkrtchan from the movie "Prisoner of the Caucasus" to the word "voluntarism".
In their own language, you can promise these people: “You will answer for the bazaar,” which means “You will be responsible for your words.” Such Russian vulgarisms are untranslated into a foreign language.
Conclusion
Who can be confidently called a native speaker of the Russian language? The dictionary of some people does not exceed the set of Ellochka Schukina from the novel "Twelve Chairs". There are nuggets that are completely spoken in obscene language, forming participles and complex sentences. It is unlikely that such individuals will go down in history.
A.S. Pushkin, a genius of Russian literature, knew more obscene words, but is known throughout the world as a great writer. His goal was to “burn the hearts of people” to inspire the high, noble. He glorified our language. Let us take an example from him.