The Government of the Russian Federation adopted a resolution that introduced some amendments to the regulation on the activities of the Ministry of Education and Science, while expanding its responsibilities. According to this document, in the general educational environment, educational work should be launched to develop students' rejection of the facts of terrorism and extremism.
Pressing problem
Today in Russian society there is a transformation of the value system, due to the processes of modernization of the economic, political and cultural spheres. All this affects the life of the country's population and leads to a complication of existing structural ties. In this regard, tension arises between people of different nations, various kinds of opposition groups are formed, reaching their goals through terrorism and extremism.
Adherents of extreme measures and views seek to incite religious hatred. Such a phenomenon threatens the spiritual and moral foundations of society, as well as people's lives. It is no secret that the influence of various kinds of negative trends primarily affects young people. Being involved in extremist formations, young men and women sometimes do not have the slightest idea about the ideological basis such associations have.
What are the definitions of these negative phenomena? By extremism we mean the commitment of certain groups, organizations or individuals to radical measures, attitudes and views regarding social activities. Representatives of such associations urge:
- to violent change of the existing constitutional system;
- to violation of the integrity of the country;
- to incitement to hatred against a background of racial, social and national hostility;
- to propaganda and public demonstration of Nazi paraphernalia, etc.
The extreme form of manifestation of extremism is terrorism. This is a complex criminal and socio-political phenomenon caused by external and internal contradictions in the development of society. This is the most widespread form of extremism. It is an ideologically sound and politically motivated use of violence. Moreover, it goes to its goal by physically eliminating people. That is why the prevention of terrorism and extremism is so important. Particular attention in this matter should be given to work with youth.
The origins of extremism
Today's students, who are members of various extremist groups, studied and brought up within the walls of the school. It is in this educational institution that a child, as a rule, first encounters representatives of other nationalities who have a different culture, faith, outlook on life and appearance that is different from his usual one. Therefore, terrorism and extremism should be prevented at school, because this general educational institution is a kind of “hot spot” for the occurrence of aggression.
School teachers must create an atmosphere in which there is no place for acts of violence and cruelty. For a child, and then for a young man, it is necessary to develop tolerance, explaining to him that many people live on our planet. And despite the difference in appearance and attitudes, everyone should enjoy the same rights. This will be the work on the prevention of terrorism, based on:
- the activity of students and their incentives for self-education;
- conscious behavior of youth;
- the principle of adequacy.
However, the prevention of terrorism and extremism in educational institutions should not affect informal youth associations. Unlike negatively minded groups, there is no membership here. Informal associations are nothing more than a manifestation of a separate subculture.
Measures to prevent terrorism and extremism should not affect the activities carried out by opposition political parties, as well as ethnic societies, faiths and representatives of other religions. All of them express their ideas in any form prescribed by law.
The importance of prevention
According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the main backbone of extremist groups operating in the country are young people who have not reached the age of 30. They are in such associations up to 80%.
Moreover, according to experts, the most rapidly extremist ideas penetrate the environment of students in secondary schools. And there is nothing surprising in this. After all, the psyche of the child is not yet fully formed and is easily exposed to negative influence. That is why the prevention of terrorism and extremism in educational institutions is so important.
The formation of humanistic views
Everyone knows that the relationships that are developing today in the educational environment cannot be classified as ideal. In addition, the behavior of students is also affected by the aggression that exists in the outside world. And it is not surprising that, when asked by sociologists about the most common negative phenomena of the modern world, 17% of schoolchildren answered that this was a manifestation of cruelty and violence.
In this regard, an important task of the modern school is the formation of a humanistic personality that recognizes the idea of tolerance in interethnic relations. This will be an excellent prevention of terrorism.
Children with tolerance recognize that all people are different in their appearance and interests, position and values. Moreover, everyone has the right to live on our planet, preserving individuality.
The task of the administration of educational institutions is to create all the necessary psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the emergence and maintenance of tolerance among schoolchildren. This can be achieved with the readiness of teachers and students for cooperation and dialogue, as well as with the improvement of their communicative culture.
Teacher role
The formation of students' feelings of tolerance is a long and complex process. With this path, terrorism and extremism are prevented at school.
At the initial stage of this process, the teacher must provide emotional comfort to the children. In addition, he is obliged to instill in schoolchildren the ability to critical thinking, self-control and cooperation.
However, the reality is that educators experiencing emotional overload express their irritability through communicative intolerance. This is reflected in the rejection of the child’s individuality and categorization in assessing his knowledge. All these factors negatively affect the student and the physical health of the student.
However, this should not be. In the general educational environment, the process of forming a tolerant relationship between teacher and student must certainly go on. Moreover, the teacher is obliged to build his relations with students both in the classroom and outside the classroom. Moreover, each child should be recognized by him as a significant and valuable person.
The ability to negotiate and compromise, the ability to convince oneself of the rightness without creating a conflict situation brings together the interests of students of different nationalities and develops intransigence to manifestations of cruelty and aggression. Such work must certainly include the program adopted by the general educational institution. Prevention of terrorism and extremism in this case will be as effective as possible.
Military patriotic education
There are several areas that have a significant impact on the formation of tolerance in the youth environment. At the same time, terrorism is being prevented in educational institutions.
One of these areas is the organization of meetings with veterans of both the Great Patriotic War and local wars. In addition, such work may include:
- collection of relics and documents on the heroism and courage of the defenders of the motherland;
- Record of memoirs of veterans;
- targeted assistance to the disabled, combatants, as well as the families of dead soldiers;
- work with archival data to clarify the fate of servicemen who took part in the 1941–45 war. etc.
The plan of the event “Prevention of Terrorism” should include not only single, but also long-term actions:
- decades, weeks and months of military glory;
- heroic-patriotic actions;
- collection of stories about veterans of the rear and the front with the transfer of materials for publication in the media.
Prevention of terrorism in the school also provides for the organization of Victory Day celebrations. To date, there has been a certain scheme for such events. Moreover, not only secondary educational institutions take part in it. Similar measures for the prevention of terrorism are carried out with the participation of youth organizations, as well as children's public associations.
At the same time carried out:
- shares under the motto “I am proud! I remember ”,“ St. George Ribbon ”, etc .;
- improvement of monuments, memorials, obelisks, military graves;
- solemn mourning ceremonies of remembrance with rallies and laying of wreaths;
- Thematic meetings with veterans with the organization of holiday concerts.
Raising Future Defenders
Prevention of terrorism also involves preparing young people for military service. Similar events include:
- the work of health-improving defense sports camps;
- opening of military patriotic clubs;
- conducting competitions in bullet shooting, etc.
All this contributes not only to improving the athletic training of young people, but also to their active involvement in cognitive activity with the simultaneous formation of the necessary attitude for the upcoming army service.
The above-mentioned measures for the prevention of terrorism will be most effective if art groups and local history museums join the organization of such events. All this will have a significant impact on interest in the traditions of their people, their customs and culture, as well as on strengthening love for their native land.
Support for national cultures
The school plan “Prevention of Extremism and Terrorism” includes many activities. Among them - the organization of outreach to support various national cultures.
Such events are very effective in those regions that border other republics, or in those where various national groups live.
Game form of education
What else is terrorism prevention? In order to eliminate the preconditions for aggression, cruelty and national hostility in educational institutions, games are widely used. And this is not surprising, because the game is the most important area of children's life. It is she who, together with art, sports, knowledge and work, provides those emotional conditions that lead to the formation of national consciousness and to the development of a culture of interethnic relations.
Organizers of games for younger students can become high school students. For older children, such participation will be a wonderful experience in acquiring practical skills and abilities, as well as in consolidating the knowledge already gained. In this regard, folk games have proven themselves excellently. They are one of the main means of promoting a culture of communication between nations.
Various events
Within the framework of the topic of terrorism prevention, the following can be carried out:
- part-time or full-time journey through the history of the native land;
- acquaintance with craftsmen and other interesting people;
- Competitions for young talents.
In addition, the prevention of terrorism will be most effective when engaging with children in search work, conducting various acts of mercy and other good deeds.
The content of this work can be differentiated by the age of the students. So, first-graders visit theaters and museums, and also get acquainted with folklore. At this stage, holidays with fairytale heroes can be held. When moving to the next class, children learn the work of national writers and poets. A variety of activities and games are also organized in the second grade. Schoolchildren are involved in search work and get acquainted with the history of their small homeland. Such events are held throughout the elementary school.
From the fifth to seventh grade, students are involved in new useful and interesting things. All ongoing events are designed to enrich and develop children's knowledge about the national culture and native land. The main thing during this period is activity aimed at the creative development of schoolchildren, as well as at raising their international and patriotic feelings. At the same time, children get acquainted with the traditions and life of people of other nationalities. Tolerance at this age is formed thanks to a program that implements two directions. The first of them is self-awareness as a subject of family culture. During this period, the activities of the teacher should be aimed at the formation of a tolerant and friendly relationship between children and their parents.
Prevention of terrorism in high school is carried out through lessons of folk wisdom, which are based on various folk traditions. For example, in a playful and creative way a family can be represented:
- Japanese
- English;
- Russian;
- Jewish, etc.
All this contributes to the study of children's national holidays and traditions of another nation, its life and culture.
Spiritual education
A sense of international tolerance is impossible without the tolerance of young people. According to the current Constitution, Russia is a secular state. This suggests that no religion in our country is established as mandatory or state. In addition, the Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes freedom of religion. That is, each person has the right to choose for himself, as well as engage in the dissemination of religious and other beliefs.
However, the teacher must understand that there are separate associations that should not deserve a tolerant attitude. We are talking about some religious cultures that have an extremist orientation. These are, for example, Jehovah's Witnesses and Children of God. The activities of such organizations have a negative impact on youth, family and children.
How then to conduct religious education of schoolchildren? To prevent aggression and cruelty, children need to talk about different faiths. The child must independently choose one or another religion or abandon all its varieties. Only in this case will the student develop a benevolent attitude towards any worldview approach.
A special course on the religions of the peoples of Russia can also be included in the action plan for the prevention of terrorism and extremism. At the same time, it is necessary that someone else's faith be presented as a worldview, which is the basis of a particular national culture.