The plant world of the planet is very diverse. The science that studies it is called botany. Her children begin to learn the basics in elementary school.
Botany is a systemic science that allows you to consider the step structure of the plant world, dividing it into kingdoms, departments, classes, orders, families and species. Such a structure is called hierarchical. The construction of a harmonious system of the plant world, its classification was carried out over many centuries. The most important contribution to the development of plant classification was made by Karl Linney. Our task is to consider specific types of plants (list). Grade 3 of elementary school is the time when children are actively studying botany. In the textbooks of the general education program, the following types are offered:
- seaweed;
- mossy;
- ferns;
- coniferous;
- flowering.
The main plant groups
The above division of plants into groups due to the characteristics of the habitat, structure, methods of reproduction. Each of the groups discussed below has plant species that are also represented.
Algae are organisms that do not have roots, leaves, or stems. Their main habitat is water. The total number of algae species is within 35 thousand. Some types of algae:
- marine macrophytes: Canadian Elodea, American Walliseria;
- green algae: chlamydomonas, chlorella, mikrasterias, kaulerpa, kladofora;
- flagellated algae: green euglena, phacus, nightlight, Norwegian dinophysis, peridinella, small propocentrum;
- red algae: Irish moss, prickly endocladium, porphyry lanceolate, gigartina, phyllophora, polyneur;
- brown algae: fucus, palm-like postcelsia, macrocystis, sargassum, kelp, cystoseira.
Mosses are plants that have a stem and leaves but no root. Their reproduction is carried out through spores. Mosses grow in shaded areas, near water, sometimes in water. In total, there are more than 5,000 plants of this plan.
Ferns are plants with a root, stem and leaves. They grow in shaded areas with high levels of moisture. Reproduction - by spores. The total number of species of ferns is nine thousand. Here are some names of the species of ferns:
common ostrich, sensitive glucose, royal osmund, salvia floating, carolina azolla,
female coomber, male scutellinum, northern bonewort, pharmacy greyhound, common bracken.
Conifers. Plants growing in forests, with root, stem. A feature of conifers is the presence of needles. A total of 600 species of conifers. We will name some: pine, spruce, fir, cedar, juniper, thuja, yew.
Flowering. Plants having a root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit. These include trees, shrubs and grasses. Given the variety of flowering plants, the number of species exceeds 350 thousand names. Here are some of them: poplar, acacia, peony, rose, dandelion, hawthorn, jasmine, quince, weigela, hibiscus, creeping wheatgrass, boneless bonfire, timothy grass, foxtail, pike, belous, wheat, millet, corn, belena, dope.
Types of plants. List in Russia
Each locality is characterized by certain types of plants, a list of which we will also give. Climatic conditions, soil cover, historical features, human activities are factors that influence the uniqueness of the plant world of its natural range. All these factors must be considered in aggregate.
Consider the species diversity of the flora of the Russian Federation. Given the vastness of the territory, several types of plant zones in Russia can be distinguished, each of which is characterized by certain types of plants. The list (grade 3 of the comprehensive school) can also be found in the textbook on botany.
The main types of flora of Russia include:
- the tundra type, the main representatives of the flora of which are green mosses, reindeer moss, lingonberries, crowberry, partridge grass, Cassiopeia, dwarf birch, polar willows, polar poppy, Arctic bluegrass;
- forest type, which is represented by spruce, fir, cedar, pine, birch, oak, maple;
- steppe type, which is characterized by the growth of grass vegetation;
- desert type, whose representatives of vegetation are wormwood and hodgepodge;
- the meadow type, the vegetation of which is represented by perennial grasses: creeping buttercup, field mint, shoot moth, meadow foxtail, creeping wheatgrass, dandelion, flax, bark root.
- marsh type, which is characterized by hygrophilous plants.
The vegetable "palette" of Russia, as we see, is very wide. Geographically, plant species, the list of which is initially significant, in quantitative terms increase from north to south, but in the deserts they decrease slightly due to the dry climate, from plains to mountains they increase.
Vegetation cultivation
Since ancient times, the flora of the Earth has developed without direct human intervention, respectively, all flowers and herbs were wild. Human development led to his need for cultivating the land and growing plants for his own needs. Under the influence of human labor, plants changed, received new characteristics. Thus, cultivated plants emerged, which in Latin means "cultivated", "processed" plants grown for food, medicine, livestock feed, etc. The main distinguishing feature of cultivated plants is that they are grown regardless of place of origin. and they themselves are not able to reproduce.
Today, many cultural plantings are derived from the wild through selection or genetic engineering. Cultivated flowers and trees are divided into cereal, spinning, vegetable, fruit, decorative. Consider cultivated plants, a list of species.
- Cereal plants are plantations whose main product is grain used as a food product, raw materials for industry, animal feed. The main types of crops are wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, millet, sorghum, buckwheat.
- Spinning plantations are those from which fiber is made for the textile industry. The main types of spinning plants: flax, flax, cotton, jute, hemp, kakpok, kenaf, krotalyaria, sisal, furcrea.
- Vegetable plants are planted in order to obtain fruits. The main representatives: tomato, pepper, eggplant, physalis, cabbage, kohlrabi, watercress, radish, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, cucumber, carrots, beets, celery, asparagus, onions, garlic.
- Fruit plants are fruit-bearing plants. These include: orange, lemon, grapefruit, banana, avocado, mango, pomegranate, grape, almond, coconut palm, olive, strawberry, gooseberry, currant.
- Ornamental plants - plants used for decoration and decoration of premises, places of recreation for people. Types of ornamental plants are: acacia, barberry, magnolia, lilac, thuja, boxwood, juniper, rose, peony, clove.
The most attractive are decorative species of plants. A list, photos of examples can be seen in the school textbook. This also includes homemade flowers.
Plant species (list of houseplants) includes woody ones. Below will be described the main subspecies of decorative plantings.
Grassy plants
These plants are long, thin, narrow with a bunch of leaves collected. This includes such representatives as calamus calamus, brilliant arundinaria, Japanese ophiopogon, chlorophytum, drooping bilbergia, wonderful wallota, tillandsia aseiform.
There are other types of indoor plants. The list will be presented below.
Bushy plants
Bushy plants are plants whose stems grow bushy. Types of bushy: peperomia, Japanese aucuba, achimenes, begonia, naked hypocirrhia, coleus, arrowroot, pelea.
Plants with upright stems
Plants with erect stems have straight stems growing strictly in the vertical plane, which have different heights. Representatives: articulated joint, Strauss glue cactus , notocactus, Leninghouse, whitish trichocereus, felandra, codium, laurel, ficus, coral, dieffenbachia, dracaena, pandanus, yucca.
Creepers and ampelous plants
Vines and ampelous plants have long flexible stems, which allows them to grow and serve as decor. Representatives: ivy, scindapsus, ficus, fittonia, werther, column, zigacactus.
Rosette plants
Rosette plants have a shortened stem, which leads to the underdevelopment of internodes and ensures the fusion of closely spaced leaves at one point. The size of such plants is small. Representatives: gloxinia, primrose, Saint Paulia (Uzumbar violet), reared roofing.
Spherical plants
Spherical plants are characterized by the absence of leaves and a peculiar shape of the stem. First of all, cacti belong to them. Examples of such plants: astrophytum, mammillaria, parody, rebutia, ferocactus, echinocactus Gruson.