In the article, we consider what the analysis of urine according to Zimnitsky shows.
Since this indicator can say a lot about the state of the human body, in addition to its clinical variety, there are also other research methods that are aimed at a more accurate definition of diseases.
One of the most popular methods was the analysis of urine according to Zimnitsky. Such testing allows you to establish the ability of the kidneys to the concentration of substances that are excreted together with urine, comparing certain indicators with an acceptable norm. When the data of such an analysis are obtained, the density of the patient's urine and the percentage of the substances that are in it are measured. Normally, the ability of the kidneys to concentrate metabolic products in the produced urine should be high. Such an analysis is especially necessary for women to go through when planning pregnancy.
Preparing for this study
The process of preparing for a urinalysis according to Zimnitsky is very simple, but it is advisable to follow a certain procedure in order to obtain the most accurate results, which will then be compared with normal values.
About a day before the collection of biological material, you should refuse to take products that can affect the color of urine (carbonated drinks, beets, carrots) or the appearance of sediment in it (protein-rich food), prepare eight (preferably even more) special sterile containers for collection material.
These rules must be adhered to, since it is important to exclude any particles from entering the urine in order to obtain accurate information as a result. Biological material must be collected strictly according to medical recommendations.
Material collection
It is important not only to understand how to correctly pass urine analysis according to Zimnitsky, but also to adhere to a positive attitude. However, the matter really needs to be approached very responsibly, correctly marking the indicators and giving them to the doctor for further interpretation and waiting for reliable information about the state of health. The study is done 1-3 days, the main task of the patient is to properly collect urine.
The ability to obtain accurate results and determine a particular diagnosis depends on the collection of urine tests according to Zimnitsky.
Recommendations
Recommended:
- On the first day of the analysis, you should get up at six in the morning, go to the toilet for little need, do not collect in the container. Primary urine is not used for research, so it is not needed.
- The most important thing is to clearly monitor the time at which you need to collect the analysis, in connection with which, after the initial visit to the toilet, you should go to it at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, then at 3 and 6 in the morning. How to collect a urinalysis according to Zimnitsky, it is important to know each patient with diseased kidneys.
- It is very important to wash yourself before each collection of biomaterial. This is necessary for the frequency of delivery of urine, the procedure will help to avoid the penetration of impurities into the sample.
- It is very important to remember that the contents of the cans should not be mixed or transfused. Each container must correspond to the specific time at which the biomaterial was collected for urine analysis according to Zimnitsky.
How to collect urine in patients who have difficulty with urinary function? The patient’s action algorithm is simple: you need to follow the time scale, if the patient cannot fill the container at the indicated time due to a lack of desire to empty, it is necessary to hand over not only full jars, but also empty ones with the indicated time. It should be recognized that this is exactly the same indicator that complements the clinical picture. Despite the simplicity of the algorithm of actions, you need to be very sensitive to the process of collecting biological material for analysis.
Decryption of urinalysis according to Zimnitsky should be carried out by a highly qualified specialist.
Deciphering the results
With a normal ability of the kidneys to concentrate toxins, the patient receives the results of the study, which are as follows:
- the amount of urine excreted during the day is approximately two to three times higher than the amount of urine that was collected at night;
- the volume of urine as a whole generated by the body per day is at least 70% of the amount of fluid drunk;
- the volume of fluid that is released for a single emptying ranges from 60-250 milliliters;
- urine should have a density of between 1010 and 1035 grams per liter in all jars of collected material;
- the total amount of urine during the day - from one and a half to two liters (not less).
If these parameters differ from the indicators of the norm of urine analysis according to Zimnitsky, then we can talk about a disorder of renal functioning, which may be due to hormonal failure or inflammation. In cases where the density of urine is below the limit (hypostenuria), then the obvious reason for this deviation is a violation of the ability of the kidneys to concentrate. However, in some cases, this can be triggered by a violation of the procedure for collecting urine for analysis (usually, a repeated analysis is carried out after seven days).
Zimnitsky urine test during pregnancy
Since the female body during pregnancy does almost double work, due to the fact that it is forced to remove both its own metabolic products and the fetus, the final results of a urine test may change.
The limit of norm indicators also increases. The uterus, which becomes larger in size, affects the renal location and also has a certain value in complicating the procedure for filtering the body from various kinds of harmful substances, toxins. And it is a urine test according to Zimnitsky that makes it possible to most accurately assess the functional potential of a woman’s kidneys during pregnancy, and in certain situations to help determine at an early stage in the development of a disease that is dangerous for the child and the expectant mother. The procedure for collecting urine and giving it during pregnancy is exactly the same as for an ordinary patient.
Norms in children
Since the children's body as a whole is much smaller in size than the adult, then the normal indicators of urine analysis according to Zimnitsky in children will have their differences. They differ, first of all, in the fact that there is a direct dependence of the study on age: the older the child, the stronger his norm will resemble those of an adult woman or man. This is due to the fact that in children (as well as in elderly patients), the renal ability of the concentration of metabolic products in urine is less than in a human adult. An experienced specialist takes this into account when decoding the results of the study.
Deviations from the norm
The object of study in the analysis of urine according to Zimnitsky is the density and volume of this physiological fluid. That is why all deviations from the norm that are observed after decoding, almost always indicate the presence of progressive diseases in the body. But, based on one such analysis, you cannot vouch for the accuracy of the information.
Doctors talk about the existence of diseases that are often determined during the study of urine according to Zimnitsky, and each of them most often signals the presence of a pathogenic process. For example, reduced urine density (hypostenuria), at which the rate is less than 1012-1013 grams per liter, is associated with pathologies such as acute pyelonephritis, heart failure, late stage kidney failure, diabetes insipidus, heavy metal poisoning or leptospirosis.
Hyperstenuria
On the contrary, hyperstenuria is characterized by an increase in fluid density, at which this value is higher than 1035 grams per liter. This condition is observed in the following diseases: acute or chronic form of glomerulonephritis, toxicosis during pregnancy or diabetes mellitus.
Polyuria, whose typical manifestation is an increase in the amount of urine formed during the day with a simultaneous decrease in its density, can indicate the development of any type of diabetes and renal failure. But the normal amount of urine produced during pregnancy or even after it increases to some extent, which is caused by changes in the woman’s body that are characteristic of this period.
Oliguria
The complete opposite of the previous deviation is oliguria, in addition to everything, a disorder of the renal filtering function occurs. This situation of the patient may indicate progressive renal failure (its late stage), heart, hypotensive state, multiple erythrocyte death or mushroom poisoning - all these factors can lead to results that are very different from normal.
Nocturia is characterized by an increase in the amount of urine produced at night (the volume far exceeds a third of the urine excreted per day). It often accompanies diabetes mellitus, renal dysfunction, and heart failure.
Next steps
The magnitude of the deviation from a certain norm and its results can prevent the formation of many pathologies, from diabetes to cirrhosis of the liver. Indicators are considered separately, their proportion is interpreted. If the analysis reflects the presence of the disease, additional tests are performed to confirm the results obtained with accuracy.
When the interpretation is completed, the patient is given a referral either to further examination, or to consult with a specialist and adjust treatment to further influence the body.
Conducting a urine sample according to Zimnitsky is a guaranteed way of healing a person, doctors can use it to make a diagnosis, as well as prevent and treat the disease, if any.