Fracture is a complete or partial violation of the integrity of the bone. Although the bones in the human body are considered the strongest tissues, they also have a tensile strength. A bone fracture is not only a trauma, but also a consequence of serious illnesses that affect the strength of bone tissue. All types of fractures have significant consequences that need to be told to all people so as not to get lost at the most crucial moment.
The severity of the condition after the fracture depends on the degree of damage, as well as the number of broken bones. Such injuries lead to a rather long process of recovery of a person, which takes several months.
Fractures have their own classification and are divided by type depending on the following features:
1. The cause of the fracture: pathological (as a result of a pathological process that exposes the bone to some changes) and traumatic (as a result of unexpected exposure to healthy bone tissue of mechanical strength).
2. The severity of the lesion.
3. The shape and direction of the fracture: transverse, longitudinal, oblique, comminuted, fragmentary, helical, fragmented, tear-off, hammered in, and finally, a compression fracture.
4. Integrity of the skin: open fractures (with a wound at the fracture site) and closed (without damage to the integrity of the skin).
Open fractures are also divided into primary open and secondary open. These are the main types of fractures that exist today.
5. Complications. Fractures are complicated (traumatic shock, bleeding, damage to internal organs, infection, sepsis) and uncomplicated.
This classification of fractures is popular throughout the world. Please note that many fractures bear names in honor of the author who discovered them. For example, the fracture of the Wheel, the fracture of Montage, the fracture of Goleazzi and others.
Considering the types of fracture, it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the complications after fractures, because everyone can face such a problem.
One of the most dangerous complications is traumatic shock. It can be caused not only by fractures, but also by all kinds of other injuries: burns, injuries of internal organs, and injuries. What is a traumatic shock? This is the complete inability of the nervous system to cope with pain. We already know from school that nerves instantly send signals to the brain that any damage has occurred.
In traumatic shock, a stupor of the central nervous system occurs, which is no longer able to withstand pain. Pallor, lethargy, apathy, drowsiness - all these are the first signs of such a shock. The pulse is incredibly fast - from 120 beats per minute to 40. The whole body is instantly covered with cold, sticky sweat, which does not have any smell.
All types of fractures, if accompanied by traumatic shock, must be carefully, but very quickly determined. It is difficult to do this without a specialist, but even the simplest knowledge from the field of anatomy can be useful. In any case, the first step will be the treatment of shock (any type of fracture). How to do it:
1. Elimination of the causes that caused the shock.
2. Compensation of blood volume.
3. Inhalation of oxygen.
4. Therapy with vegetotropic drugs.
There are several rules for first aid (until an ambulance arrives):
1. Stop the blood immediately!
2. If the weather is cold - shelter the patient,
3. Constantly give a drink - in small sips, so as not to vomit.
Types of fractures are different, and all of them, to one degree or another, can be life threatening. And if the fracture of the arm or leg is tolerated fairly well, then, for example, a fracture of the bones of the nose or other small bones of our body is an unpleasant phenomenon and requires special intervention from medical personnel.