Since the pencil for writing and drawing was invented, its types have been constantly modified and new ones invented. What kind of pencils aren’t there right now: ordinary colored ones, which schoolchildren draw in the classroom; wax and lead used in professional painting; “Simple” - for drawings and geometric constructions (their lead consists of graphite and, depending on hardness, writes in a range of colors from light gray to black); chemical - are used in design bureaus for volumetric drawing work; cosmetic pencils ... And all of them are used to varying degrees by us in various areas of life.
"Nahimichili"
Chemical pencil - his invention has become a real find in drawing, copying, shorthand. They could write, draw, paint a paper surface, make indelible notes and much more. Under the wooden “clothes” of this stationery there is a special graphite lead. When dry, it leaves light, subtle traces and marks on paper. But it’s worth wetting the tip of the stylus with water or even with the tongue - its color changes, it begins to write in bold, bright, and it is impossible to remove it from paper. This is because a chemical pencil includes dyes that dissolve when exposed to moisture. The same result will be if dry lead is drawn along the moistened surface of the same paper sheet. The dyes added to the core are rhodamine (it makes notes from bright pink to deep juicy tones of the same hue), eosin (also intensely pink, turning into red), auramine (saturated yellow). These mineral additives make the chemical pencil not only resistant, but also, combining different primary and secondary colors, increase the variety of its color scheme.
By the end of the twentieth century, the popularity of chemical pencils began to decline - they were actively replaced by ballpoint pens and then gel pens. However, even now they are still found in various areas of production. They apply inscriptions or outline drawings on glass, gypsum, ceramic, iron and other surfaces. The hardness of such marking polymer pencils is selected depending on the type of surface with which to work. And the honor of inventing the first chemical pencil belongs to Edson Clark, who patented his invention back in 1866. In 1928, it was somewhat improved - a small spray can of water was attached to the chemical pencil itself, and when it was necessary to moisten the rod, the writer pressed it. Moisture flowed down the drain to the rod, and the reaction of the dyes with water and paper was ready!
Pencil and cosmetics
For cosmetic purposes, an art pencil is used for applying makeup. Its texture is usually dense, but extremely delicate, because not only eyebrows, but also eyes are painted with such a pencil, and the skin on the eyelids is easily injured and requires delicate handling. The composition of the lead of such pencils, in addition to a variety of color pigments, includes natural substances: palm-based glyceride, castor oil saturated with moisture - they perform a caring function; beeswax, fruit and other types of waxes, which have high refractoriness and provide make-up firmness and strength for a long time; substances that eliminate possible allergic reactions.
Professional artist tool
And finally, a charcoal pencil. As the name implies, its core is made of coal with the addition of some proportion of linseed oil. Such an additive gives coal additional density and color saturation, greater adhesion to paper fibers.
The trace left by him is soft and charcoal-black with a tarry tint.
Due to its composition, a charcoal pencil is equally good both for sketching and for drawing in the final version. Using it, the artist can depict both dark and transparent-light shades. A special convenience of a pencil is that it is easily removed from paper, leaving almost no residue.